Other Voices, Other Rooms †Analysis Essay

Capote’s Other Voices, Other Rooms is an exploration into role reversal, gender definitions, and the risk involved in sexuality and love against the harsh contrast of southern ideals. The novel acts as Capote’s catharsis in developing his younger self, in the character of Joel Knox, innocent and self-exploring, as he transforms into his older, liberated self in the character of Randolph who truly is the voice carrying the books message. However, to reach his destination of Randolph, Joel must begin his journey with Idabel Tompkins. Joel sees Idabel soon after entering Noon City, and is so mesmerized with her boyish antics that he is oblivious to the man offering him a nickle to capture her, something Joel would not be capable of anyway. She notices him later as well, watching Joel in the soda shop from the doorway and asking about him in her†boy-husky† voice. Immediately, Joel is intrigued on the verge of infatuation and most often referencing her boyish attributes in the same breath. On the way to the Landing, his new home, he finds Idabel on the road and picks her out from her sister as, â€Å"[t]he other moved as jerky and quick as a boy† (p31). The pair become friends and later during a fishing trip, Joel learns not only the risks invilved in loving someone but also Idabel’s evaluation of what they are together.. When she tells him to undress so they can swim naked Joel sheepishly replied, â€Å"But you’re a girl† (p131) Idabel, frustrated, replies, â€Å"What you’ve got in your britches is no news to me, and no concern of mine†¦.I never think like I’m a girl; you’ve got to remember that, or we can’t never be friends† later on proclaiming, â€Å"I want so much to be a boy† (p132). During the same trip, Joel felt he needed to put his arms around Idabel as, â€Å"the only means of expressing all he felt† he kisses her cheek and in return she becomes so mad that he pulls his hair and fights him. Joel learns the danger of loving someone, could mean loosing them or being betrayed by them. Idabel comes to get Joel at the Landing, in hopes of picking up a partner in crime to run away with. Joel mistakes this as affection and suggests they  run off and get married, picking grapes to support themselves. Idabel rebukes him sternly, â€Å"I don’t want to get married†¦.Who the hell said I wanted to get married? Now you listen, boy: you behave decent, you behave like we’re brothers, or you don’t behave at all. Anyway, we don’t want to do no sissy thing like pick grapes. I thought maybe we could join the Navy† (p174) on their way to running away, they first stop at the carnival in Noon City where they meet the alluring blonde midget Mrs. Wisteria, a 25 year old carnival worker who also wants to be loved in a society that does not value her. Idabel is immediately smitten with her and Joel notices, to his dismay, â€Å"Idabel, more excited than Joel had ever seen her, rushed up and asked [Miss Wisteria], please, wouldn’t she have some soda pop with them† (p191) Joel Later realizes Idabel is in love with the circus performer. This provokes Joel into a dream where he fears Idabel’s loss and tells her he loves her. He begins to realize he can never have her love. During their conversation, Miss Wisteria talks about her horrible experiences trying to find love and her sorrow that boys must grow tall and therefor, never want her. We see the perfect triangle of unrequited love that can never be fulfilled and can only bring sorrow. Joel longs for Idabel who is in love with the golden curls of Miss Wisteria, who molests Joel while trapped in a ferris wheel in her attempt to find a boy who will never grow tall. In an affirming signal of Joels realization of who he is, Joel sees Randolph, the homosexual transvestite cousin of his step-mother, at the carnival, while being molested by Miss Wisteria. He runs off scared looking for Idabel and hides from Miss Wisteria in the old abandoned house in town. He realizes he has a home and a bed at the Landing with Randolph, while Miss Wisteria is doomed to always be searching rooms for love, as she is now looking for Joel in the old mansion, until she finds her final room, where death awaits. Joel realizes who he is now and is almost comforted by it. He forgets Idabel for most of the rest of the story and assumes she has run off with her circus girl. Joel is content to remain at the Landing, especially after his one connection to the real world is lost when his friend Zoo comes back to stay after a rape has driven her a little crazy as well. He knows he belongs there with Randolph, the ‘ghostly lady’ in the window who wears women’s clothes and wig, but is more like him than whats outside. He hides from his old life in the form of a visit from his  original caretaker, his aunt Ellen, and moves towards Randolph, looking back and leaving his innocent self, the other Joel Knox. Works Cited Capote, Truman. Other Voices, Other Rooms. New York: Vintage, 1994. Print.

Year of War

This Incident became known as the Defenestration of Prague and was the official beginning of the Thirty Years' War. Even though none of them died, having landed In a pile of manure, this Incident started a chain reaction of events that railed almost the whole of Europe for 30 years. In 161 7 Ferdinand II Is crowned King of Bohemia, but In 1619 the Protestants crown Frederick V to counteract Ferdinand counter-reformations.Ferdinand trades his hereditary lands and his status as an Imperial elector to Macmillan I for enough forces so put a top to Frederick in the battle of White Mountain with General Johann Testicles von Till leading his forces. Later that day, Frederick and his English wife, Princess Elizabeth, flee the country and become known as the Winter king and Queen. Later their Grandson becomes the King of Great Britain, George l. With Ferdinand in full control 36,000 Protestant families flee the country letting him sell all their land for a profit.Albrecht von Willingness beco mes governor of the Kingdom of Bohemia thanks to Ferdinand and with special permissions for currency is able to buy 60 estates that sakes him lord of the whole of northeastern Bohemia. He then gives Ferdinand a way out of dealing with Macmillan by raising an army on his own. For this Ferdinand makes Willingness chief of all the imperial forces. This is where the Danish King Christian IV takes a part in Northern Germany.Not only does he not want Catholicism near his Lutheran Baltic, England has also promised him a subsidy. Christian, being inexperienced, didn't stand a chance against Till and Willingness and lost to Till at Luther in August 1626. This also pushed Christian all the way back out of the Baltic up to Danish islands. After this Ferdinand Get the idea to issue the Edict of Resolution to reclaim all Protestant land not specifically ceded in the Peace of Suburb (1555) setting up religious flames again.This causes the Swedish King Gustavo II to enter the war in July 1630. At the same time Willingness tries to get Till ousted and fails getting himself removed Instead and Till gains his previous post. It takes 2 years but finally Gustavo and Till come face to face and Gustavo' tactics send Till running. Willingness Is reappointed and combats Gustavo, however he Is too ambitious and Ferdinand authorizes his assassination, good-bye Willingness.Now Comes the Peace of Prague In 1635 having Ferdinand make the bigger concession In that his Edict of Resolution will not go back to 1555 but rather to 1627 when all the families fled the country. That would have been the end of It but Span stuck It's nose In with Ferdinand so France stuck It's In with Gustavo. This caused the war to go on In a milling kind of way. In 1640 Portugal reasserted Its independence diverting Spain. Then finally in 1643 everyone finally decides they are still going the 150 delegates finally reached agreements five years later.The actual winners of the war were Sweden, which gained control o f the Baltic; France, which became the chief Western power; the United Netherlands, which became an independent republic; and the Rhine Palatinate is restored to the heir of Frederick V. Respectively the losers of the war were Austria and Spain, that lost their dominant political positions, and Spain that lost the Netherlands. One of the most significant concessions were that the Holy Roman Emperor no longer claims to be the ruler of the German principalities and they are recognized as independent states.

To what extent is there a 'global' communications industry Essay

To what extent is there a 'global' communications industry - Essay Example ication, should help to produce a society that does not interact with each other only for manipulative economic and commercial gains, rather help in preserving some vestige of traditional social structure. The traditional telecommunications model, wherein the domestic business houses provide services to domestic customers, has now taken a global perspective whereby systems and organizations are providing services on an international scale. These systems target the global sector bringing in a greater number of customers from centralized communication and data facilities irrespective of the location of the customers served or national boundaries. The transnational nature of such venture poses substantial legal, technical and practical challenges. This paper has two sections where the first section deals with an analytical study of the political economy of communication based on the conceptual tools of Vincent Mosco, a renowned communications researcher. The second section focuses on Internet as a tool for shaping and commercialization of the corporate world together with some inter-related issues highlighting the more pressing concerns. Vincent Mosco’s book on â€Å"The Political Economy of Communication† (1996) provides vital insights into the forces shaping the communication system. His theoretical analysis is based on three social processes: commodification, spatialization and structuration. Mosco defines commodification (1996: 143 – 144) as the process transforming the utility factor of a product into its market value, which is the primary means of converting social values into economic relations. Schiller (1996 a: 18) has reiterated Mosco’s view by applying this idea of exchange of information. He has stated that the innovative ways of producing, organizing and spreading information has a radical impact on industrial, political and cultural processes and practices. The generation of information and its sale has now become sites of profit making which has

The difference between the roles of the prosecutor and the defense Research Paper

The difference between the roles of the prosecutor and the defense attorney - Research Paper Example This paper is a critical evaluation of the differences between the roles of a prosecutor and those of a defense attorney in the course of administrating justice. Differences in the Roles of the Prosecutor and the Defense Attorney Once a crime has been committed and brought to the attention of the prosecutor, it is his role and responsibility to ensure that justice to the victim, whether an individual or the state, is achieved by ensuring that the offender is convicted through a fair court process. To achieve this, the prosecutor embarks on a mission to create a strong case, which is free of loopholes, so as to establish whether the offender deserves to face trial or not. In this context, he has to conduct thorough investigation, which may involve questioning and securing witnesses, collecting all the incriminating evidence for example by acquiring the services of experts such as those dealing with forensics, ballistics among others, depending on the type of crime in question, so as t o support his or her case once the trial begins (Grant, 2002). This service may be provided by the investigative arm of the police, which is of high importance to the prosecutor. This is essential based on the fact that there are people in the society, who may wish to subject others to torture such that they will utilize their democratic rights to demand rogue justice through unfair means such as planting of evidence. Others may be motivated to do such things by political ambitions, whereby the prosecution may be used as a tool to discredit a person by displaying him as corrupt or inefficient. In this context, it is important to insist that a prosecutor is not always out to ensure that suspects are put to jail but also acts as an agent of truth. In fact, Rosenthal (n.d) indicates that the prosecutor has the role of ensuring that innocent people are not convicted. It is therefore the reason why he will not go ahead to prosecute a person if the evidence shows that the case is motivate d by malice. However, it is important to note that this does not imply that the prosecutor has the authority to declare one innocent as that is the prerogative of the judge, but truth be told, if the case in his hands goes to court and he does not believe in its admissibility, then, he has the powers to convince the judge by declining to persuade him to find the suspect guilty of the offences. In the US criminal justice system, the prosecutors are considered to be so powerful due to the powers vested in them, which allows prosecutorial discretion and plea bargaining. This means that they can convince the defendant to plead guilty either as charged or to a charge of lesser magnitude after which he would plead with the judge for a lighter penalty than what is recommended (Fionda, 1995). This is a circumstance that has created controversy such that critics indicate the intention of proposing mandatory prosecution instead of what is currently in operation. The international criminal cou rt (ICC), for example, is mandated through the Rome statute to prosecute perpetrators of crimes against humanity, genocide, and other war crimes, which may be perpetrated by individuals or

Evaluate the effectiveness of the YCJA on youth crime rates and Essay

Evaluate the effectiveness of the YCJA on youth crime rates and incarceration rates - Essay Example gued that the law was effective, whereby they cited the reduced rates of youth deviancy and custody in comparison to other nations of the world (Doob & Cesaroni, 2003). Nonetheless, the country identified the importance of reviewing the law and ensuring that they implemented another law that was not divisive and controversial. In addition, the review sought to address the argument that YOA overused the country’s custodial and court systems. Moreover, the review aimed at improving efficiency in responding to minor offenders who committed serious crimes (Department of Justice Canada, 2002). Based on the foregoing, it is evident that YCJA was a compromise between politicians. Nonetheless, the act is a response to the increasingly growing number of small cases about incidents of youth offenders committing heinous crimes while also acting as a response to the growing number of cases resulting from incarceration of youths for minor offenses. Indeed, these minor offenses had resulted to a decline in the confidence that the public had on the country’s judicial system. Overall, the main objective of the legislation was to deal with crimes committed by the youth and their eventual outcome. In effect, this expose will carry out an evaluation of the role that YCJA has played on the twin aspects of youth crime rates and incarceration rates. The Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children (CCRC) (2011) identified Canada’s youth custody rates as among the highest in the world, which is prior to the implementation and legislation of the YCJA. In effect, this implies that Canadas implementation of this law was essential in order to enable the country deal with these youthful offenders and reduce these rates. In effect, CCRC (2011) observed a 27% decline in the rate of youths charged in a court of law or recommended to facing  court charges between 2002 and 2006. It is important to point out that the Canadian legislative system made this law in 2002. In line with this,

John Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Brown - Essay Example This essay takes a neutral view at the life and deeds of Brown and finds that John Brown was not a terrorist. If we look back in history we find that this title was given to him because of his revolt against slavery. In that period, slavery was an accepted norm of life and any movement against it was "anti-social". Today when slavery has been wiped out, he can be declared a hero for starting a war against an inhuman practice of slave trade. John Brown born on 9th May, 1800, became the first American to raise his voice against the practice of slavery. He has been one of the most controversial personalities of the 19th century. Even President Abraham Lincoln said that Brown was a "misguided fanatic".( Blue, 2006) Many other intellectuals also called him as terrorist. He had started a liberation movement of the black slaves in 1857-58 in Kansas. He collected some young men and gave them military training at Springdale Iowa. In 1958, he took this small army to Chatham in West Canada and on 8th of May, he called a convention where he declared a provisional constitution for the people of United States. If we read the wordings of this constitution, it goes like "slavery is none other than a most barbarous, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of one portion of its citizens upon another portion." Anyone who has not been influenced by the name "Father of Terrorists", can not say that these words are unjustified and anyone believing and promoting these words and thoughts should be executed. Brown formulated the constitution and also formed a committee. On 10th the committee was finalized and declared adjourned sine die. In July 1859, Brown came to Harper's Ferry under disguise and prepared grounds for his further attack. Finally on 16th October, 1859, he invaded Harper's Ferry with his army of 20 militants. Twelve of these were killed one was captured and executed and one was unaccounted for. Rest four of the them including Brown were turned over to the Sheriff. On 2nd December, 1859, Brown was executed. Historical Interpretations Most of the historians have Called John Brown a terrorist. Later some of them have come up with more cordial view. The friendliest biography of Brown is supposed to be the one written by Oswald Garrison Villard in 1910. Villard was himself the grandson of William Lloyd Garrison who was an abolitionist. While explaining John's arrival in Harpers Ferry he says that his intention was to "begin his revolution in a spectacular way, capturing a few slaveholders and release some slaves( Villard, 1910)". He has expressed admiration for Brown in many places but he has also called him a murderer. Some of the African American writers later presented a positive view about him.(DeCaro, 2005). Even in the middle of the 20th century, some Southern writers expressed strongly negative views about him. In the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a remarkable change in the attitude of the writers. Few of them are Toledo 2002, Decaro, 2002, Peterson 2002, Reynolds 2005 and Carton 2006. There have been some writers in this period also like Bruce Olds 1995, who has written a very negative work on Brown. At the same time Russel Banks has portrayed a fictional work on Brown putting him is the

The Fighter Starring Mark Walberg (Dec. 2010) Essay

The Fighter Starring Mark Walberg (Dec. 2010) - Essay Example The stories were subsequently inspiring and some based on even true life of people (Petrakis, 2011). The plot of The Fighter David O. Russell’s The Fighter is based on a real life story of an Irish boxer, Micky Ward, a welterweight out of hardscrabble Lowell, Massachusetts, who fought in the 1980’s and 90’s. This boxing movie focuses on how family pull becomes an obstacle for achieving success in the field of boxing. Micky’s role is played by established Hollywood star, Mark Walberg. (Ebert, 2011, pp.176,177) The dilemma is skillfully laid out in the first act. Micky leads his life in the shadow of his elder step brother Dicky (Christian bale). Dicky was previously a promising fighter, who achieved his peak in a fight against Sugar Ray Leonard, but has gone to seed and has picked up a serious crack habit along the way. (Demott, B, 2012, p-117) The character of Dicky is straight out of Eugene o’ Neil, a pipe dreamer who still talks about his glory da ys and continues to submerge in fantasies about making a comeback to the boxing arena. The delusion of Dicky is provoked further by his whacked-out family, especially his mother Alice (Melissa Leo). Alice clearly favors the spoilt Dicky over the quiet and more focused Micky. Micky’s professional boxing life is also influenced by his mother Alice, as she is her manager. Alice has a weird habit of getting Micky into fights in which he is overmatched by his opponents and gets a serious ‘beating’. This ‘beating’ not only emphasizes physically but also mentally. (Petrakis, 2011) The film focuses on how Micky’s life changes due to the event, and the influence of his lady love Charlene on his way to comeback in the boxing profession. The story inspires when Micky returns to the boxing ring, and attains his long time dream of being the champion (Couser, 2011, p.29). Influences of Micky’s family in his boxing career Micky’s boxing career was essentially influenced by his family. This was due to both the emotional aspects and also the direct involvement of Micky’s family member in his profession. Emotionally Micky was bonded with his step brother icky, as he idolized him as a boxer. Also deep down, a part of Micky was engaged in the feeling that the need of a family was essential. In the professional aspects, Micky’s mother Alice was his manager, and his step brother Dicky was his trainer. Being the integral part of Micky’s profession, both of them essentially influenced Micky’s boxing career (Turrisi, 2011). Negative influences of Micky’s family in his boxing career Micky’s biggest hurdle towards achieving success in his boxing career was his backlog due to his family. His mother Alice clearly favored his brother Dicky over the quiet and more focused Micky. As Micky’s manager, Alice had a weird habit of getting Micky into fights in which he is overmatched by his oppon ents and gets a serious ‘beating’. This ‘beating’ not only emphasizes physically but also mentally. Due to subsequent losses that Micky has to suffer due to her mother’s decisions; Micky’s confidence got affected severely. Micky’s role in the field of boxing became as that of a â€Å"stepping stone†, a sacrificial lamb, which the rising stars used to climb up in the ladder in the field of boxing. Although this was a role that Micky did not desire for, neither did he deserve the

Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Cause and Effect - Essay Example The mass media which includes advertisements, television shows, and magazines plays a huge role in shaping the perception of the society on the perfect body size and shape. Recognizing the profit motive of business organizations, advertisements are often geared as one of the most important ways of developing brand image and elicit positive response from buyers. Women are not exempted from the effects of these advertisements and are ready prey of marketers trying to sell products to them. In an article entitled Body Image and Marketing, it is estimated that women an average woman is exposed to around 400 to 500 advertisements each day and that 69% of the girls surveyed agree that the magazines' standard of perfection affects their perception of beauty. Through the use of skinny models in advertising nice clothes, sexy lingerie, makeup, and jewelry, ordinary women come to the bitter realization that she should be thin in order to be perfectly beautiful like these models. Beauty is equa ted with thinness and any woman that is over size six is considered to be fat and ugly. Noting that the size of an ordinary American woman is far from these skinny girls in fashion magazines, the media adversely affects the individual's body image. Young women feel left out and depressed because they cannot live up to the standards of the society. This cultivates a culture of low self esteem, a feeling of being unattractive, and a strong desire to be model thin. The negative body perception brings about the obsession to be thin through strict dieting. The obsession to thinness motivates women to perfect their body through any possible way. The most common resort is through dieting and starvation which often leads to eating disorders. The Mayo Clinic defines eating disorder as "a broad group of serious conditions in which you are so preoccupied with food and weight that you can often focus on little ease." In addition to this, it is estimated that 90% of individuals with eating disorders are motivated by the obsession to be as skinny as magazine models. The prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in the American society has been overwhelming as women starve themselves in order to lose weight. However, these young women do not stop dieting at any weight because they consider people's remarks of their thinness as compliments. The grim reality is the fact that pursuing the thin ideal can be fatal. These eating disorders do not only r ob people of their time, energy, and focus but can lead to fatal illnesses. Technological advancements have ushered us to an era where our physique can be altered through the use of modern equipments. Women do not have to be "imperfect" and "ugly" but are given the chance to redefine their bodies through cosmetic surgery. This technological advancement can help women get rid of the unwanted body fat in no time. It is irrefutable that women who are discontented with their body size are very much willing to undergo cosmetic surgery in order to change their appearance. In the United States, it is reported that 57% of American population has had liposuction while 47% had tummy tuck. These cosmetic surgeries are seen to be motivated by the desire

Economic Final project paper and Power point Essay

Economic Final project paper and Power point - Essay Example Through the different researcher studies, it has been proven that the automotive industry continues to rise in control of the world economy. It has even been observed that countries such as Korea and Japan are among the fastest growing countries today due to the fact that they are among the ones having great control in the automobile industry. Why is this particular fact relevant to the society today and how is this primary consideration affective in the process by which the world faces worldwide economic turmoil at present? Transportation is the well known factor that brings about the chance of every nation to progress. If seen carefully, researchers attest to the fact that the countries having the most advanced transportation system are those that are really able to face the different challenges of modern developments towards national progress. Why is this so? Transportation is often regarded as the most important fuel to national development. A country that has the most progressive sense of transportation are the ones that are able to link every inch of the country towards advancement. The roads and the public transport systems easily get people to and from work making it much easier for them to boost the national economy through being able to perform well for the economic advancement of the country. Obviously, every nation, big or small is usually defined by its system of transportation. Every system of transportation is fueled by the modern advancements in mobile creation. This fact has been recognized and understood through the years. Hence, as a result, the new innovative designs of automobiles are rather created to fit the needs of the modern society. Believably, the modern society welcomes new design that would best fit their demand for the best kind of transport and travel that they know they deserve. Hence, this is where the social role of the automotive industry comes in. Along with the industries providing the basic

Mortality Rate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mortality Rate - Research Paper Example Adjusting the mortality rates is important if we have to compare populations of age-sex groups or belonging to different time periods. â€Å"In order to avoid errors in interpretation, mortality rates must be adjusted to a common population with a known age structure† (Hispanic Health Homepage, 2001). Thus, we standardize the mortality rates. This also called adjustment to calculate mortality rate and its significance is seen when we observe that there are many diseases that occur at different rates in different ages. For examples, cancer occurs most often in elder people while physical injuries happen to younger age group within the same population. So, when we age-adjust the statistics, we can tell what health conditions the population is suffering from and what are the mortality rates when compared with other populations (Department of Health, 1999). If we use unadjusted mortality rates, then this comparison is not possible and it also becomes difficult to interpret the dif ferences between the mortality rates of different populations or different time periods. Question2 Adjusted and unadjusted mortality rates are useful for healthcare organizations in decision making process in that when a speedy result is required in making comparisons of health conditions or mortality, then crude or unadjusted rates are sufficient.

Create a Bussiness Essay Example for Free

Create a Bussiness Essay My name is Eric Thomas Mendoza, and I am the newly appointed manager of the products division for my company. The job of my team is to conduct research for my company and ensure that we are getting the best possible deal in the best interest of my companies business. My associates and I have recently discovered that we may be paying a higher price with your company versus your many direct competitors, one example that stands out is Portmouth Paper Supplies. My records indicate that your company and my firm have been in business together since the inception of my company, in 1988. Although I am required to get our products at the lowest cost, I would prefer to keep your company as our main paper supplier due to our long-standing relationship with your company. I am asking you to consider that you consider 10% price reduction for all of our orders over $400, which would make the prices more competitive and allows us to maintain the ongoing relationship between our companies. If you  do not wish to give us a more completive rate , by either beating or exceeding your direct competition, then we may have to discontinue our business relationship, because of basic economics and the present state of the economy. Your contract with us reaches its conclusion in 30 days. We here at Halcyon would like to offer to continue our business relationship, but that depends on you. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Money Is Not The Only Motivator Management Essay

Money Is Not The Only Motivator Management Essay We are presenting our term project which was chosen from one of the topics provided by the course instructor. We are pleased to present our report on topic Money is not the Only motivator This research gave us an excellent chance to understand the concept of motivation and its applications in practical world. We chose Pakistan State Oil as our organization for our research. We would also like to thank all our respondents, who were kind enough to answer our questionnaires and gave their valuable time in guiding and informing us about their perception on our topic. We acknowledge all of your help and support for this research. We sincerely thank our instructor Ms Unzela Hasni for her support and trust in our capabilities. Yours Sincerely, Syed Ahmed Asad (12131) Bilal Jawaid (12093) Riaz Ramzan Ali ((10712) Abdul Moiz Mughal (11540) Maryam Abbasi (11869) Acknowledgement We begin by expressing our gratitude to our Lord, the Almighty Allah without Whose Guidance and Will, all is impossible. We are also highly thankful to our teacher and instructor, Mr Unzela Hansni, whose teaching has given us great knowledge and a peek into the professional world of Human Resource Management and its various aspects. This report has sharpened our ability to interpret the concepts and methods with greater sensibility. Executive Summary Pakistan State Oil is the leading oil company in Pakistans energy sector with largest retail outlets to serve all industries and consumers of Pakistan. PSO takes pleasure to continue tradition of excellence and it is fully committed to meet energy needs of future. PSO is one of local organization that holds an award for attracting employees because of their strategic human resource practices.PSO takes it human resource management as the most important department of their company because they treat their employees as their most significant asset.PSO along its effective compensation plan (monetary) holds many other techniques and methods of modern era to keep employees engaged and make sure that they are striving for the attainment of companys goal. In this report we surveyed PSO to collect valuable information on different motivational aspects and methods used by management to make sure employees feel interested at work and have a sense of belonging to the organization. We learned var ious techniques such as performance management, motivational surveys, employee awards, recreational facilities , training and development and others. Hypothesis H0: PSO is successful in motivating its employees H1: PSO is not successful in motivating its employees In our research we assumed that PSO is one of the most successful domestic organizations to keep a motivated workforce in Pakistan, so to test our hypothesis we went to the organization and interviewed 2 top managers and got questionnaires filled from 12 employees linked to senior , middle and lower level management positions. Our hypothesis is to prove whether a motivated group of employees help individuals and business to achieve job satisfaction, productive employees, more profit, self development and an effective work environment (culture). Methodology We used research based methodology to work on this report. Our research was conducted in several steps that include: Planning which topic to choose Choosing the Organisation Collecting secondary information from different sources such as Human Resource Books Internet Articles from Harvard Business Review Next we designed a questionnaire Site visit (PSO) Get our questionnaires filled Interviewed two managers Assembled primary and secondary data 1st draft report to check plagiarism Final report INTRODUCTION PSO: Overview Just like any other competitive business, PSO is a challenging petroleum products marketer, supporting foresight, quick judgment and hard work and acumen. At PSO, we have been making new grounds since our situation in the market. By introducing a competitive product portfolio, aligning our corporate social responsibility, putting up up storage depots at far-flung areas, presenting relative marketing techniques, energizing industrial institutions, supporting the countrys defense forces, ensuring customers satisfaction and provision of new business challenges, PSO has been setting the benchmark for other oil marketing companies during the 25 years of its excellent existence. Under the strategy, State Oil Company Limited a private company owned by the Federal government in which undertaking were vested on 15th September 1976 took over the entire undertakings of Pakistans Oil limited companies and National Oil limited companies as disclosed in their respective financial statements declared on June 30th. The company then later converted in to Public limited company. In consideration for the transfer, the reconciliation program provided all shareholders of the two former companies, PNOL and POCL, be issued fully paid-up ordinary shares of PSO against their holdings in PNOL and POCL along with fully paid-up premium shares. This was done at the rate of 1,185 PSO shares for every 1,000 shares of PNOL and 1,136 PSO shares for every 1,000 shares of POCL. The inception period of any company is always comparatively difficult but for an organization emerging out of the merger of three separate units, the problems can be more complex. PSO, during its first year of operation, was no amazing. However, most of the problems were properly solved and taken care by the company. PSO sold a total of 2,514,000 tons of petroleum products till June 30th 1977. This made a turnover of Rs 404.53 crores. Such meager return was partially due to the unrealistic gross margins, which were available to the oil marketing companies in all main products and were fixed by the government as far back as 1963. At the end of the first year, the extent of the PSO operations was that it had four ocean terminals, 34 inland depots, four blending plants and 950 retail outlets. Of the retail outlets, 715 were gasoline and HSD stations, 126 service stations, 44 LDO farm stations and 65 kerosene stations. In its first year of operations, the upcountry storage capacity of the company was augmented by 33,000 tons. The storage capacity was established at Gilgit, Chitral and Skardu, enabling the residents of the Northern Areas to obtain their requirements of petroleum products throughout the year and at reasonable prices. By the second year of operations i.e. 1977, the company had successfully overcome the initial problems of the merger, establishing itself as a homogeneous commercial force capable of playing its rightful role in the economic progress of the country. It sold 1,826,000 metric tons of petroleum products during the year as against 1,746,000 tons in the first year. This indicated an increase of 4.56 per cent. Since then, PSOs success story has continued with the company making a strong impact on the countrys overall development over the years with excellent prospects for further growth. A cursory look at PSO at a Glance in the annual report reveals remarkable financial strength accumulated since inception. Statistics, though somewhat restricted, nevertheless, give a picture of all-round improvement despite temporary setbacks. The companys shareholders have reposed unwavering confidence in the astute financial policies followed by the company that have not only given extremely attractive cash dividends year-after-year but also a consistent increase in the shareholders equity from Rs 116.2 million in 1977 to Rs 9,808 million in 2001. Where do we stand today? PSOs sales revenue during FY-2001 rose to Rs. 170 billion, showing a growth of 25.7% over the previous year. The company earned an all-time record gross profit of Rs. 6.4 billion, which was up by 12.4% over the preceding year. The profit after tax was Rs. 2.25 billion. This was marginally higher than the previous years profit of Rs. 2.23 billion. If PSO had not made these provisions, the company would have reflected an additional profit of the same amount, which would have resulted in significantly higher profit than the preceding year. Not only that, the company has emerged as one of the countrys few largest taxpayers in the corporate sector. PSOs business operations have helped collect over the years Rs 338 billion in duties and taxes on behalf of the government. Integral to our success are our efforts to provide our customers an unmatched service based on innovation, deep care and our vision for the future. Accordingly, we have launched an aggressive plan to build New Vision outlets in order to provide better quality service to its customers. Some 330 New Vision retail outlets have been established all over the country in a short period of two and a half years, which is a record. At the same time, to set high standards of customer service, the number of Company-owned and Company-operated (CoCo) sites has increased to 20. Yet another ambitious program that PSO has launched will see the promotion of Internet, especially in inaccessible areas of Pakistan. A total of 500 retail outlets are to be provided with Internet facility, which is now available at 150 outlets. The philosophy of HR in PSO 1. Consider human asset as the only asset which gets appreciated by passage of time. 2. Always the right person at the right place for the right job. 3. Continuously re-align organization in line with contemporary business practices. 4. Make Organization responsive by making it lean and flexible. 5. All HR issues to be handled with transparency and keenness. Work environment in PSO Employee Recognition To boost the morale of employees a reward and recognition scheme is in place for the last few years and has been a great source of creating a spirit of healthy competition amongst employees. Each year employees are nominated for two company-wide ceremonies viz Shaukat Raza Mirza Management Excellence Award and PSO Managing Directors Performance Award Motivation Survey Special efforts for continuously enriching our business systems and implementing relative strategies have always been fruitful which are aimed at augmenting a work culture that enhances employee motivation as well as gaining a better understanding of forces that shapes motivation, attitude, behavior patterns and expectations. Employee Motivation surveys are conducted that recognize the needs, opinions, concerns and perceptions of our human capital about the organization and what they value in terms of professional and personal interests and incentives. Keeping a human element is mind these surveys help identify a meaningful employee relationship with the organizational objectives and understand their job responsibilities and work expectations. Communication: Open-book direct approach environment An assortment of forums/meetings at hand (Executive Committee, Management Committee, Employee Leadership Team) inspire discipline and accelerate establishment of processes systems. Encourage team work group dynamics while inculcating a sense of ownership through empowered Cross Functional Teams (CFTs) Employ Business Process Reengineering (BPR) to maintain an international working environment by streamlining processes and removing unnecessary layers Interactive sessions are regularly held by the Managing Director at all levels because clear, coherent and consistent messages ensure that employees are able to integrate the inputs into their thinking All organizational changes are announced Tolerance We have high ethical standards and a Business Principles and Ethics Policy in place. We value, encourage and inculcate corporate reforms, good governance, best business practices and an environment of continued adherence to Zero Tolerance, resulting in the development of our human capital and meeting all business challenges. Facilities and Recreational activities PSO encourages recreational activities of workforce at all levels. Formation and functioning of PSO Club provides assistance to employees for their mental and physical health as well as for their social activities. Sports and recreational activities are organized through this forum, where employees and their families are encouraged to participate. It is our top priority to ensure the employees are in good shape and health. To physically show that we care, we have in-house food service with subsidized meals in a cafeteria that can cater all the employees stationed at PSO House. Employees can enjoy gymnasium facility right in PSOs corporate vicinity, a convenience of walking from your workstation to a private gym for a revitalizing workout. Performance Management System of effective performance and feed back is worked out at PSO and is a significant figure of our appraisal management Individual performance is sorted with the business goals and objectives of the company Performance-based rewards are offered on early basis All management employees annual appraisal through a population spread Human Resource Awards In September 2007 Engage Human Resources (consultancy, solutions and services) in partnership with the Pakistan Society of Human Resources Management (PSHRM) conducted a preference study interviewing 550 graduating MBA students from 8 universities, chosen from the latest Higher Education Commission ranking survey. December 18, 2007, Karachi (PSHRM) and Engage Human Resources, announced the results of the first Most Preferred Graduate Employer 2007 study at the ceremony held for PSHRM Graduate Employer Awards 2007. As we create an aspiring internal credibility along with leading HR practices delivering that promise, we standout for graduating MBA students as the most preferred place to work. Pakistan State Oil won the Most Preferred Local Company Award as the highest ranked Pakistani company with their perceived attractive compensation package as the main reason for their ability to attract talent. Literature Review Motivation Motivation is the process that is a mixture of individuals intensity, direction persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. We would like to describe each element separately. Intensity- states how hard a person tries , or how much effort he will apply in his job Direction- A person should know the areas where he has to put more or less effort. Persistence-states how long a person could maintain his effort Effort that is directed toward and consistent with organizational goals is the kind of effort that we must be seeking. Managers are the nervous system of any organization, so they play the main role to make sure of motivational practices that are necessary for an organization. Major steps which managers should take to motivate employees are: Recognize individual differences Use goals and take feedback on these goals Link reward to performance Check the reward system Make sure that employees are present in decision making which directly affect them There are two basic ways to motivate employees. These are monetary and non-monetary approaches that are used by management. Moreover before using rewards to motivate employees we have to take some strategic decisions. These are what should be the pay structure? How to pay employees? Whether there should be flexible benefits or not? How the company should build its recognition programs? First major decision is what to pay, that is to establish a pay structure. It is a rather complex decision and entails balancing internal and external equity. However the best pay system pays the job what it is worth while also paying competitively relative to the labor market. Second decision is how to pay, whether there should be variable programs or skill based programs. Variable Pay Programs A portion of an employees pay is based on some individual and/or organization measure of performance Piece Rate: Workers are paid a fixed sum for each unit of production completed Merit-Based: Based on performance appraisal ratings. This merit based pay is motivating for employees because if they are designed properly, individuals can see their performance and reward they are getting. Bonuses: Reward recent performance rather than historical. SKILLED BASED PAY: It is also known as knowledge based pay, it sets pay based on jobs or skills an employee can perform. Profit Sharing plan: These are organization wide programs that distribute compensation based on some established formula designed around a companys profitability. These can be cash outlays or stock options. Gain sharing: It is a formula based group incentive plan. Rewards are tied to production gains not to profits. Employee Stock Ownership Plans: In this program employee acquire stocks mainly below market price as part of their benefits, it increases employee satisfaction but its impact on performance is still not clear. Third decision is what benefits to offer, another component is known as flexible benefits. Flexible Benefits: It allows each employee to put together a benefits package individually tailored to his needs and situation. Three most popular benefits plans are: Modular plans- a predesigned package of benefits put together to meet needs of specific group of employees Core-plus plans- consists a core of benefits and a menu like selection of other benefits. Flexible spending plans- allow employees to set aside up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for particular services. Employee Recognition: Fourth is to build a comprehensive employee recognition program. It ranges from a THANKYOU to widely publicize formal programs in which specific types of behavior are encouraged and procedures for attaining recognition are clearly identified. Two of the most popular methods are giving gifts certificates and cash rewards. It also includes giving personal attention to employees. But all factors described above holds some pros and cons. Benefits of it are Fulfill employees desire for recognition Inexpensive to implement Encourage repetition of desired behaviors Non Monetary Approaches to Motivation: There are some non monetary approaches to motivate employees. To proceed further we need to understand job design first i.e. way the elements in a job are organized. First way to redesign a job to motivate an employee is job rotation that is periodic shifting of employee from one job to another. When an activity becomes unchallenging employee is shifted to another job usually at the same level of skills requirements. Another way is job enlargement in which variety and number of tasks of an employee are increased; it is a horizontal expansion in an employees job design. Similarly, we expand vertically to which is known as job enrichment. It increases the degree to which worker controls planning, execution and evaluation at the work. Furthermore there are some alternative work arrangements. These are: Flexitime: Employees work during a common core time work each day but can arrange their total hours a day by themselves from the set of hours outside the core. Job sharing It is a practice in which a 40 hour a week job is split between two to three employees. It allows management to draw on talents of more than one individual in a given job and is mostly suitable for female workers. Telecommuting It refers to employees who do their work at home atleast 2 days a week on a computer that is linked to their office. Three types of jobs suits this method Routine information handling task Mobile activities Knowledge related jobs Employee Involvement: It is a process that supports participative management by using employees input to increase their commitment to the organizations success. By increasing worker autonomy and control over work lives (involvement), organizations: Increase employee motivation Gain greater organizational commitment Experience greater worker productivity Observe higher levels of job satisfaction Three major forms of employee motivation are: Participative Management Subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors Representative Participation Works Councils: Groups of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted for any personnel decisions Board Representative: An employee sits on a companys board of directors and represents the interests of the firms employees. Quality Circle A work group of employees, who meet regularly to discuss their quality problems, investigate causes, recommend solutions, and take corrective actions. Articles on Motivation from HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW: To make our research more interesting we decided to summarize some very interesting article from Harvard Business Review which we were told to read regularly by our instructor. References to these articles are given at the end. Article 1: Say, Tom, Let Me Whitewash a Little: The Power of Intrinsic Motivation: Article Link: http://blogs.hbr.org/erickson/2007/07/say_tom_let_me_whitewash_a_lit.html Summary or the Article: This article develops clear sense of what intrinsic motivation is. Intrinsic motivation is the willingness to engage in an activity without some external rewards (i.e. French benefits) or in other words we can say that it is the motivation that comes from inside of an individual rather than from any external reward. It is the pleasure one gets from the task itself or from the sense of satisfaction in completing or even working on the task. The computer games are the best example as its suckled on the principle of intrinsic motivation. The growing skill level and the increasing degree of difficulties led to effective online learning with the motivation for players to move towards the next level. Similarly within this type of cultural norms, smaller steps are far better than the big infrequent increment. If workplace adopt same culture than the workers will work harder to compete with colleague and move towards the next level in order to attain the desired goal. Nowadays the workforce are adopting this culture i.e. using games (whether addictive or not) in which there is a use of intrinsic principles to encourage self-motivated work activities that can led to enormous effective production. This is a successful strategy because people want to move to next level as fast as they can and in workforce competition among workers motivate them to work hard and to move towards the next level in order to attain goal after which they get self satisfaction and pleasure which is known as Intrinsic Motivation. Article 2: Four Motivation Mistakes Most Leaders Make: Article Link: http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2011/10/four_motivation_mistakes_most.html Summary This articles talks about the motivational mistakes the leaders make while leading their employees. The first mistakes they make are by always thinking rational and create frustrating unintended consequences. The leaders should rather focus on five sources of meaning for humans at work: the impact of the work on society, the customer, the company, the team, and me. Another blunder that is made by the leaders is focusing on offering monetary incentives only. Experience and numerous studies, however, show that big bonuses are less effective than smaller, unexpected gestures, because gifts create a relationship while bonuses are purely transactional also leaders are habitual of giving orders rather listening to the employees perspective. Lastly the leaders need to be optimistic and dont search for problems. Focusing on problems tends to create fatigue and resistance,  instead focus on how your organizations or individuals, strengths can be used to overcome your challenges. Questionnaire For how long have you been a part of this organization? Less than 5 years 5-10 years 10-15 years More than 15 years What is your level of satisfaction with the working culture of the company? Highly Satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Rate the following statement Executives are interested in motivating the employees? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree What is your satisfaction level with the incentives provided by the company? Highly Satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Please rate the statements given underneath according to the following ratings. 1 for Strongly Agree 2 for Agree 3 for Neutral 4 for Disagree 5 for strongly disagree Reasonable periodical increase in salary Job Security Good Relationship with other staff members Effective performance appraisal system Effective promotional opportunities Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated Support from the other staff members is helpful to get motivated Organization recognizes and acknowledges your work. Organizational Policies motivates for achieving its aims and objective Do you think that incentives and other benefits will influence your performance? Yes No Opinion No Does the Top Management involve you in decision making which are connected to your department? Always Usually Often Sometimes Rarely Never Do you think Internal Competition plays an important role in employee motivation? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Does ethical principles of the organization influence employee motivation? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Do you agree that employees are placed on their jobs according to their field of interest? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Does your job provide you the opportunity to continually advance to more senior positions. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree How does pressure motivate you? Handling Competing Priorities Facing Tight Deadlines Managing Setbacks Being in a team motivates you? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Results For how long have you been a part of this organization? Less than 5 years 5-10 years 10-15 years More than 15 years Out of 12 people we interviewed 4 were working for less than five years , 6 were working for more than five years and 2 employees were PSOs part for about 12 years. What is your level of satisfaction with the working culture of the company? Highly Satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied A very positive reply was noticed as 59% of the sample was satisfied with the corporate culture of PSO as it has a policy of orienting employees according to their need , which then leads employees to understand the culture more easily. Secondly, open door policy and corporation of colleagues is encouraged in PSO which allows high satisfaction levels. PSO is recognized as an EMPLOYER OF CHOICE for which it received an award in 2007. 25% of the sample was satisfied moderately while remaining 16% were employees who were working for more than 10 years and showed their extra satisfaction because of the growth, status and respect which they received in their career at PSO. Rate the following statement Executives are interested in motivating the employees? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Open door policy, performance management, career development, training sessions, authority and being a part of departmental decision making are some factors that aroused 67% of the sample to rank this statement with the second option, however some employees who are still new to the organization rated it as neutral that executives are not biased towards other employees but they are also not directly involved in decision making. Top management provides guidance on particular issues, they encourage Cross functional teams, Employee Business Process Reengineering, meeting with employees, different informational and interactive sessions and make sure that all organizational changes are well announced. When the response of these 33% employees was shown to a top executive Rashad Usama brand manager lubricants, he provided us with the answers that it is our policy of first assessing fresh employees and let them show their potential then with their respective supervisors a complete training and development plan is made for them. What is your satisfaction level with the incentives provided by the company? Highly Satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied 16 % employees were highly satisfied with their benefits that include medical insurance , petrol , children education , pension fund, paid holidays, vacations and etc , 67 % employees were just satisfied as they think even in difficult times PSO assumed them as their assets and rest showed moderate responses. Moreover employee recognition awards, ethical standards, tolerance policies and facilities such as gym, cafeteria and PSO club plays a great role in keeping employees proactive. Please rate the statements given underneath according to the following ratings. 1 for Strongly Agree 2 for Agree 3 for Neutral 4 for Disagree 5 for strongly disagree Reasonable periodical increase in salary Job Security Good Relationship with other staff members Effective performance appraisal system Effective promotional opportunities Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated Support from the other staff members is helpful to get motivated Organization recognizes and acknowledges your work. Organizational Policies motivates for achieving its aims and objectives 84 % employees strongly agreed with 2nd, 3rd and 7th

The Skills And Qualities Of An Entrepreneur Business Essay

The Skills And Qualities Of An Entrepreneur Business Essay It might be easier to think about the new ideas and might also be easier to develop a business based on the ideas. But it is not easy to take action day in day out continuously when the results were not going in your way. However its proven that often successful entrepreneur displays high level of persistence and commitment. Its what count. Goal Oriented: Entrepreneurs love to set goals and will be satisfied once they reach it. Normal human beings have tendency to find satisfaction in their accomplishments. However they write down the goals and check them daily and review them regularly until they achieve their goals. Decision Making: Ability to make a correct decision is a core skill of an Entrepreneur if they want to be a successful. They make sound decisions where they want to go in to from the experience they have. Decisions include how to proceed with marketing, funding, product production , vendor selection and bunch of other decisions to be made. The key is to be critical and learn from the mistakes rather than avoiding taking decisions. People skills: No matter what kind of business they are in, they are in people business. Even they are in Hair dressing business its the people who decide to use ones services over the competitors. So they should be ready deal with the people. This is the skill every successful entrepreneur has. In business world dealing with dealers, vendors, customers, investors, the press or the employees will make difference between success and failure. Ethics and morals: Ethics and morals are the foundation for very good qualities of entrepreneur. Every entrepreneur must decide what their business stands for and should not stray from their path. Some entrepreneur will shut their doors because money outshines their morals and what they stand for and it will create a bad name for their business. Time Management: Every minute is valuable. This cannot be emphasized enough. This is essential for an entrepreneur to do effective business. Every available should be utilized effectively by learning new skills rather than wasting it. Sales: As an entrepreneur they should figure out what kind of sales they prefer and what product services they offer. If the entrepreneur worked before in retail sales or advertising they have the edge over the others. All entrepreneur will benefit from sales seminar and motivational programs. Introduction about the entrepreneur that I interviewed: Mr.Vasan founder of VDMIE Pvt.Ltd. Graduated as a Computer Engineer from IIT Madras in the year 2006. Like any other people he doesnt want to work for a company, he wanted to do something different from normal. He wanted to make a change in the society by helping people in the form of providing job for them. Hence he started his own company. His first business was creating Smileys and Emoticons for different websites. He named it as Humecons (http://www.humecons.com/HomePage.aspx). He did this business as part time. He knew this business will eventually wont give much of a profit. Soon he started his second venture business called virtual makeover. This business is all about virtually dressing you up through online and you can see yourself whether that particular dress or hair style or even gold ornaments and sun glasses too is suitable is to you or not(http://www.1000lookz.com/). The idea is very simple and the toughest part is making that idea in to reality. He did this with ease. First he started writing codes for different companies who wants too put up their products online for virtual makeup for the end user. As the time went by and also due to the sudden rise of Apple and Android based smart phones made his business more profitable than ever before, reaching more and more users every day. The expected revenue for the year 2011 -2012 is 200,000 USD which is phenomenal for the 3 year old business. His skills and qualities: Persistence: His first business wasnt profitable but he didnt give up easily, he did hang in there thinking new ideas, tweaking his thinking process. Hence he came up with the new business ideas which were an instant success. He attained the outcome for the hard work that he put in during difficult times. He persisted with commitment. Goal Oriented: He set goals for the future, and he knows what he wants to do for the next 5 years. According to that he hired new people for his organization. Due to this quality of his he attained results in terms of profit. If there is no goal he couldnt have achieved this success easily. Decision making: He made lot of decisions which was the difference between success and the failure. He decided to go for cost effective method rather than expensive method. His organization is small with 16 employees but the work they are doing is very big process and they cover huge customer base through different platforms. So due to his decision making skills they are making good profits. People skills: In his line of business the difference between success and failure is how you deal with different people. He is doing well in terms of people skills, because he managed to get the contract with the mobile giants like Google and Apple and different other private vendors. This was made possible because of the quality of his product and usability across different kind of people in different geographical locations. Ethics and morals: He stood for the quality of product rather than any product which gives him the money. For him money comes second, he stood by his morals and ethics till now which was the good sign for a successful entrepreneur. He wants to do good service and product offering rather than false promise. He maintained to do that part well. Time management: Time management is crucial for any kind of business. There are lot of people depend upon the product of yours, if the product is not delivered in time business will get affected. He planned everything in such a way that there wont be a delay in his product completion and distribution. This is also one of his qualities which were crucial for his business. Calculated risk taker: He is not a gambler but then he did take lot of risks but it was well thought and calculated rather than reckless which helped throughout his business career. He went in to software programming business which was well occupied at that time he entered in this business, but he was so sure his product will be preferred among the competitors. Cautiotly optimistic: Every entrepreneur dont have negative frame of mind. He always expected the unexpected and waiting optimistically for his time and he did manage to do well and he got the results after the strings of failure. It is not easy to compete in a market where competition is fierce. His quality of being optimistic made the difference for him. Finance: One of the important parts of business is financing it. He financed his business by doing part time high end consulting job for companies in America. He didnt depend upon investors and bankers for the source of money. Hence he is free from any debts. What did I learn from this interview? I learnt few things from this interview which will come in handy in future when I start my own business. They are How to start a business How to sustain the business How to start a business? I learnt that answer to these questions cannot be explained in a single word. Its a lifelong process and you need commitment and patience and also should be ready for a heart break. Should know what am I doing: Am I going to start a new business or start a business which is already existing, shall I buy into a business or join multi-level marketing or I could go with something I love or something which will make money. There are so many options out there and it is not easy to decide which way to go. But I feel I should do a business which I love because it will give self-satisfaction. 2. What are the things that I need to start business: After deciding what business to go in one has to find out do I have necessary skills, say if one wants to do catering service one should have a good cook, if I want to start a online business I should know basic HTML. I should make a list about what business needs and what I need to achieve success. Then I have to check do I have knowledge and skills if not have to find a way to get it. 3. Financial constraints: This is the basic question where every entrepreneur will ask themselves when they start a business. This will impact a business at start. Say for example if I want to start a restaurant business but I have only 2000$ and couldnt find investors or cant get a bank loan then I have to rethink my entrepreneurship ambitions until financial situation improves. To find out about how much money needed to start a business one has to do complete and honest market research before they start a business and also come up with strong business plan. 4. How much money will I make? The revenue depends upon so many factors and it is really hard to find. Because the estimation often varies and I can ever know until I try it. But having some kind of idea will motivate me to work. So it is recommended to have a high estimate to achieve greatness. 5. Exit Strategy: Having a exit strategy doesnt mean that giving up. It is all about planning and one should know when to say good bye. Exit strategy should tie with objective of the business. One has to decide between selling the company for a sizeable sum or start a new business. Those who dont have exit strategy will struggle to meet the goals that they set for their business. A realistic exit strategy is crucial part of the business plan. How to sustain the business: By maintaining the positive cash flow: This can be done through various safety measures and proper budgeting and also finding out only necessary resources rather buying resources and wasting it. By having a competitive advantage: This can be done by introducing new technology in the business rather using the old time consuming process. First mover advantage: To sustain the business one has to diversify their business by moving to new location and gaining advantage there. Proper Advertising and Marketing: Advertising is one of the important piece of sustainable strategy, without that existence of the company wont reach the people. Hence proper care should be taken to ensure enough money is been divided for marketing and advertising alone. I conclude by saying that the person I interviewed is indeed an entrepreneur and doing legitimate business in Chennai, India. In the process I personally learned a lot about what business is all about and the part of an entrepreneur in it.

The Historic Turn in Western Thought :: Philosophy Kant History Papers

The Historic Turn in Western Thought Most philosophers have noted the linguistic turn at the end of the nineteenth century. Few, if any, have noted the historical turn in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Living in a time of anxiety in which the universe and life present problems to be solved, the problem for this paper can be stated as: Why was history so imprtant until recently, and is narrative so important now? I examine the advent of irrationalism in order to provide some explanation for the substitution of story for history. Some find the origins of modern humanism in Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's contention that human beings have been given the wonderfully unique ability to choose for themselves. But Pico still limited the options for humankind to provisions of the traditional hierarchical ontology of the Middle Ages. Thus, for him, the journey of humankind to itself was not a historical one, but rather the choice between a vertical descent into vegetative or brute state of being, or a mysti cal ascent along the hierarchy to the angelic or even divine level. But Modern thought relinquished this hierarchy in favour of a human centred teleology, framing the ontology in between nature (individuality, non-rationality) as the origin and culture (reason, the social) as its outcome. Thus the ontology became historicised from Defoe, Lessing, Rousseau, through Kant down to Marx. In irrationalism this became a mythical movement remaining within the non-rational, as in Nietzsche, and Mussolini, and finally story, as in Virginia Woolff, and films such as Dead Poets Society and A River Runs Through It, or New Age neo-romanticism. From Hierarchy to History Most philosophers have noted the linguistic turn at the end of the nineteenth century. Few have noted the historic turn in the late seventeen early eighteenth century: With modern humanism the traditional, normative, hierarchical ontology was replaced by a human centered ontology. This ontology was teleologically human centered — it focused in humankind and its (progressive) cultural mastery of nature. Thus the culture-nature dialectic became the new historical ontology. The transformation of a hierarchical ontology (focused in the supreme good) into a human-centered teleological one, can be characterized as the historic turn. Modern humanism substituted the Medieval supratemporal focus on the divine with a focus in human rationality itself. Knowing full well that humans beings are factually not in rational control of the world, this focus was constructed in terms of a historical teleology.

Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers fc

The Horror Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a novel where the main character Marlow is telling a story of a trip to the Congo. This novel is said to possibly be an autobiography of Conrad’s life at sea. This is said because Conrad was a seaman for a many years and went into Africa many times. The story is so powerful that even after 100 years, we still struggle with its meaning. This story has been retold by Francis Ford Coppola in the film Apocalypse Now. Chinua Achebe has recently explored Conrad’s ideas on imperialism. Achebe believed Conrad’s book presented a racist view of the people of Africa and Achebe in his own book, Things Fall Apart, presented imperialism through the eyes of the Africans. The story of Heart of Darkness is being told to four men on the deck of the Nellie. The story being told is about one of Marlow’s expeditions to the Congo in search of an Ivory hunter named Kurtz. When Marlow found Kurtz in the Congo, Kurtz had "gone native" Marlow found, "a head that seemed to sleep at the top of that pole," outside of Kurtz’s house and Kurtz had been hunting with tribes in the area (Conrad, 73). When Marlow arrived Kurtz, was ill and dying. Kurtz cried out the words "The horror! The horror!" right before he died (Conrad, 85). These words cried out by Kurtz as he died created the most important passages in Heart of Darkness. The way this one passage is interpreted determines how the book is interpreted. One interpretation is that the "horror" is death and Kurtz is realizing he is dying. Kurtz is horrified at the thought of dying and is crying out in pain of the realization. Kurtz may be afraid to die in the heart of darkness. Kurtz may be afraid to die knowing that he will never see his intended again and he may feel guilty for leaving his intended for his savage life. This interpretation shows a book about lost love and guilt for finding a new life. This interpretation is one of the less complex and uninteresting interpretations. Now here is a more interesting and complex interpretation. Some view Heart of Darkness as a racist book. This interpretation comes from the view that the "horror" Kurtz is identifying is his being brought "down" to the African ways. This interpretation sees the African ways as uncivilized and horrid to Kurtz when he realizes he was at their level.

Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court as a Dystopian Work Essay

Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court as a Dystopian Work      Ã‚   For years, Mark Twain's "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court" has been primarily viewed as a work of simple satire. Twain, desiring to poke fun at a group of America's cultural critics, chief among them Matthew Arnold, who claimed that cultural life in the U.S. treaded on shallow soil, takes aim at the venerated institutions of Britain. The author attempts to show that his country's lack of romanticized social structures, meaning an absence of royalty, the Catholic church, and long-dead knights and princesses, was far from a cultural weakness. Twain explodes the myth around idealized chivalric society and proves it to be no match for the Nineteenth Century man.    The book follows Twain's protagonist Hank Morgan, a pragmatist and the author's model of self-made, turn-of-the-century industrialist, through a time travel jump that lands him in Sixth Century England, specifically at the fabled Camelot. Here Hank, through ingenuity and entrepreneurial vigor, quickly ascends to the top of the socio-political structure of King Arthur's Court. What's more, Twain takes great pains in ridiculing both the role of the church in England and the ignoble position and lack of intelligence of the ruling royalty. He also pokes fun at the romanticizing of English culture during this period by illustrating the prostrate and dependent nature of the British aristocratic system -- a system void of democratic mechanism.    As a work of social satire, the beginning of the novel is fairly successful. At the outset of the work, Twain accomplishes what must have been his original task.    "The opening chapters, the direct attack, the... ...mbolic of American innocence and the Morgan and his machines of destruction as symbols of capitalism and industrialization, the novel becomes not chaotic literary failure, but dystopian science fiction popularized in the Twentieth Century. Where Huxley and others predicted enslavement to technology, Twain asserts that innocence and naivetà © have no place in and will be wiped out by modern society. His final analysis is that they cannot coexist.    Works Cited Bellamy, Gladys Carmen. Mark Twain as a Literary Artist. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1950.   DeVoto, Benard. Mark Twain's America. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1935. Twain, Mark. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. New York: P.F. Collier and Son Company, 1889. Wagenknecht, Edward. Mark Twain: The Man and His Work. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1935.

To Ban or Not to Ban?

Mariah Smyth English II Honors Holzberger 11 May 2012 To Ban or Not to Ban? Give me literature or give me death. Why stand we here idle? What is that gentlemen wish? What would they want? Is it text so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of the chains of censorship? Forbid it, almighty god! I know not what course others might take; but ask me give me literature, or give me death! (Parody of â€Å"Speech to the Virginia Convention†). For centuries people have been reading books to gain knowledge and to be entertained (Introductory Assignment Sheet).Kurt Vonnegut did a magnificent job writing a piece threaded with compassion of a tragic historical event leaving behind a conspicuous moral statement. Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut should not be removed from shelves, because the book is eye-opening especially for young adults who are soon to enter the real world and become our future. Certain groups decided to challenge harsh reality of the truth written into an educational and humorous read. A school’s board article stated, â€Å"We’re not making a judgment call on if the book is good or bad, we just want to make sure it’s age appropriate† (School board removes 2 books from school).This is NOT an arguable reason considering Billy Pilgrim, the main character in Slaughterhouse-Five, went into war at the age of sixteen. The book states the facts. Vonnegut argues that war is inhumane. This IS arguable and negotiable; war is deceitful and tears apart homes. Educational supervisors are trying to ban a book that is making children aware of the gruesome effects of war, and warnings to create a more diplomatic world. Vonnegut served in World War II first handedly and wanted to stress the anxiety war puts upon people.While being a veteran, â€Å"Vonnegut once knew the comfort of such a community and home life, and knew also the feeling of having them wrenched away† (Twentieth-Century Writers 1950-1990). His goal in Slaughterhouse-Five was to create a third world era where â€Å"Tralfamadorians,† or aliens, known as the enemy took over and demonstrated manifestations of the immaturity of human species for creating war. Vonnegut’s Dresden bombing in literature explained that, â€Å"In the aftermath they were assigned the task of carrying out dead bodies from the ruins.The descriptions of the removal of the bodies are particularly gruesome reminders of the insanity† (Dresden bombing in literature). Vonnegut wanted a moral vision of war cutting social community. After being kidnapped by the extraterrestrial Tralfamadorians he attempted to find peace and learned that the only secret of life is to live only in the happy moments. His embellished comparison to overcoming a tragedy was an honorable mention for young readers. It helps them realize war is unacceptable along with everything that comes with it.In addition, Vonnegut wanted someone to, â€Å"tell him the secret so he can take it back to Earth and save us all: How can a planet live at peace? † (Kurt Vonnegut). Vonnegut stated this in Slaughterhouse-Five meaning war should not be believed to take place on Earth. When coming back from his third world era, â€Å"war,† he thought it would be different, but everything came back with him. Therefore, when young adults read Slaughterhouse-Five they will fathom the idea wars resolve nothing and to create world peace for our future.Also respect everyone who has and is serving in war learning the truth and unpleasant effects. However, you may argue war is still an issue today and the book is not age appropriate considering it is anti-war and putting horrid images in young reader’s mind. Overall, the book is reality and history. You cannot feed your children lies and candy coat everything. If Billy Pilgrim was capable of entering war at the age of sixteen, young adults are capable of facing the truth and forming opinions for themse lves.Vonnegut wanted to leave behind a message, â€Å"God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change courage to change the things I can and wisdom to always tell me the difference† (Kurt Vonnegut). We cannot change what has already happened, but we can prevent it from happening again. Slaughterhouse-Five sets a good example and should not be banned. Works Cited Quinn, Edward. â€Å"Dresden bombing in literature. † History in Literature: A Reader's Guide to 20th Century History and the Literature it Inspired. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2008. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. ttp://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE53;iPin=HIL056;SingleRecord=True  (accessed April  30,  2012). Verde, Tom. â€Å"Vonnegut, Kurt. † Twentieth-Century Writers 1950–1990, American Profiles. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 1996. (Updated 2007. ) American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE52;iPin=ffap20w20005;SingleRecord=True  (accessed April  30,  2012). Oakes, Elizabeth H. â€Å"Vonnegut, Kurt. † American Writers, American Biographies. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2004. (Updated 2007. ) American History Online.Facts On File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE52;iPin=AW237;SingleRecord=True  (accessed April  30,  2012). â€Å"School board removes 2 books from school†. Copyright 2011 United Press International, Inc. (UPI). U. S. Government Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? p=details. aspx;ItemID=WE36;iPin=UPI-1-20110726-160202-bc-us-bookban-crn;SingleRecord=True  (accessed April  30,  2012). â€Å"Freedom Readers Assignment Sheet. † 4 May 2010. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell, 19991. Print. |   |

Ecology and Environment Essay

1. Describe your topical anesthetic and border ecologies and surroundingss. Before we can describe the topical anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic and meet ecologies and surrounds, we pick out to know the gist of ecology and environment. The relation among existences and the environment that they argon in is heralded ecology. During an universenesss lifetime, eitherthing that bear ons it in any direction is c solelyed an environment. Local and surrounding ecologies and environments in the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic atomic number 18a that I reside in ar trees, shrubs and vines, wildflowers and weeds, kingdom Fungi (honey mushroom), lichen, fish, reptiles, amphibious animals, birds, mammals, insects, snails, and antithetical worms. These ecologies inquire different habitats in the environment to survive and absorb their being.Thither are a a couple of(prenominal) different habitats that exist in blue Virginia, forest, meadows, thicket, marsh, ponds, fore st streams, rivers, flower garden, and regular likeness streets. Habitats are very pregnant components of an beings life. existences require the different shelters to consist in. The forest can be a very sizeable expanse that reliable organism can live in. some(a)(a) organism uses the shelter to hide in or move along so some other organism want disclose them to eat them. The ponds and streams are grave for any organism and any life form. Organism needs wet to survive, without getting fair to middling water to drink an organism bequeath die. ( northern Virginia Ecology) The environment that we live in plays an important part in the lives of an organism. The habitat (the environment) consists of shelter, water, nutrient, and pose that an organism needs to survive.2. List the specialised factors that distinguish your local ecology and environment. The particular factors that distinguish your local ecology and environment is determined by the area that and individu al, and an organism live in. Latitude, the geographic coordinate, and your elevation supra sea level are important factors that distinguish your local ecology and environment. definite organism may and may non be able to live in certain areas above or at a lower place certain sea levels, latitudes, and longitudes. Other distinguishing factors of local ecology and environment in northerly Virginia are the types of forest, river, streams, and ponds. Types of forest in Northern Virginia are the Bottomland Hardwoods, Loblolly Pine, and White Pine.3. dissertate how homo activities lose affected your local ecosystems. First of all homosexuals require so much to survive. To survive we do what ever it takes to get what we need. We are what you call greedy in some ways. We all live in different areas of the introduction, and our need for resources grows rapidly be convey there are a number of us throughout. When it comes to the ecosystem, it lets imbalanced because of our activities , do it harder for different organism to survive. In my local area a grapple of crook is being done to cook red-hot homes and work upings. A lot of trees are being cut down to make way for homes, buildings, town homes, parking lots, and other verbal expression. Because of the construction that is being done, the soil that is being go end up killing the organism that live in the soil and the plants that are rooted there also.A lot of the construction is being done to build roads and buildings. The land itself is being transmuted to a to a greater extent flat land, which disrupts the way the water flows through the land when rain falls. The activities that human are conducting are consequences known as abiotic and biotic. According to Tillery, Enger, & Ross (2008), biotic factors are other living things that affect an organism, and abiotic factors are nonliving influences that affect an organism. Other human activities that affect the local ecosystem are the pollutants that we cause. Polluted run-off is from cloaca treatments that are discharged into the lakes. Washing cars, watering the lawn or crops all affect the local ecosystem. All these different pollutants can cause different kind of reactions to organism. If organism swallow up the pollutants it may cause demise and to human possible serious health problems. round of these pollutants can start the growth of E. coli on the beachfronts that disrupt the ecosystems.4. Describe the ways that world-wide heating system might affect your local ecosystems. The definition of planetary warming fit to dictionary.com is an increase in the earths average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding swaps in modality and that may result from the nursery effect. Because of ball-shaped warming and the increase in temperatures, some organism may non be able to survive in the local area. These organisms have to possible migrated to other cooler areas to survive. The local ecosystems change becaus e the viands supply need by some organism bequeath decrease because of the ever-changing environment. In the local ecosystem you go away dislodge that certain butterflies that use to reside here are moving or migrating to northern latitudes along with frogs and some birds. Over the succeeding(prenominal) 20 to 30 years we give see a decrease in the mammals and bird species. I believe that global warming will have a huge affect on our local ecosystem.You have plants and animals that are use to a certain environment and when that environment change because of temperature increased, they have to adjust to the change. If they are inefficient to adjust to the changing seasons the plants and animals will become extinct.5. Relative to other parts of the world, would your local ecosystems be affected more or less? Relative to the rest of the world I believe that my local ecosystem will be affected more. I check into this will happen because of a a couple of(prenominal) different th ings. Number one, global warming, global warming will cause climate changes. In certain areas of my local area that require certain rainwater, this may decrease. If you have been observing the survive storms are beseeming more violent and causing amends to areas that didnt have that type of weather before. Second, human activity will be another cause that affects my local ecosystem. domain today are conducting construction more a more trying to bring on job, build cooperation, and roads. In the construction process, trees are being destroyed, lakes and streams are being run and moved to different places.By destroying the trees organism are left without shelter food and other habitats that secure their survival. In our quotidian activity we are polluting the water with the day-to-day washing of cars, and the give outage of sewers that eventually drain over into the lakes and streams kills the fish and causing the build up of algae that is causing death and serious sickness t o wildlife and humans. In conclusion, we have to learn more about the environment and how it affects the ecosystem. All the changes that we make in the environment will affect something or someone. To dispense with our ecosystem and environment we have to ask is this change really worth it. Global warming is already making a big impact on our world and if we go on to make the changes we are, the health of the world will continue to decline.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Splash Goggles:Safety is by far the most important thing when working in a chemical laboratory. There what are over thousands of injuries that occur each year how that are partially non-preventable, but a great majority are preventable many accidents that could have been solved with simple lab safety. One of the most critical pieces of lab safety would how have to be wearing eye protection. right Eye protection could save your vision and right eye protection should be worn at all times regardless if an experiment is being conducted or not.Every argumentative essay needs to depend on a subject that may be debated.They are more necessary when your TA requires you to abrasive wear them. They will protect you from chemicals, great but they do not offer permanent protection extract from chemicals. Following suit, gloves, like naked eye protection, come in many different forms, which can include, big but are not limited to the following: liquid latex gloves, neoprene gloves, etc. Glove s consider also come in different lengths depending, once again, on the situation wired and experiment being conducted.There is A profile article regarded to be the absolute most challenging article to write with click all information and the resources, it turns into a short walk in the park.

Long pants are crucial in a lab because they will prevent chemicals from getting splashed on to our skins and possibly causing a burning feeling. Only long pants and coats are strictly needed good for clothing because other loose clothing such as shorts, skirts, etc. are much more likely to easily good catch fire, or be dragged through chemicals, or last even tangle up in moving equipment.Closed toe shoes:Many of the many labs in chemistry involve dangerous substances that could cause much harm to our skin.Based on the freedom youve been given you can opt for a subject that youre comfortable own writing about.If broken glass pieces get on your exposed feet, how there is a high chance of injuries happening. Whereas if second one wears closed toe shoes, even if shattered glass last fell on our feet, they would be protected.Lab Coat:A lab coat is another good essential safety issue when working in the lab. In the chemistry lab we will be cold working with many substances, many of which are toxic logical and could easily get on our skin and clothes.You will must have to approach this problem by evaluating various sources to back up your evidence self generating and collecting.

Reading resources are provided in internet platforms and libraries.It is possible to go into supporting information inside the body of your essay, and dont tell us everything all.Recycling reduces the total number of crap in our surroundings.Theres also.

Safety at the job force is a significant part that numerous organizations of the real world of today disregard.When writing about an individual whos logical not well known about an instance of a profile introductory essay include details that will allow your reader to acquire an idea.Discover to reread and edit your new job after it appears to be finished.Every sentence has to have a verb and a subject.

Best essay ever

radical atomic number 63 into 3 segments web superintendent Nozzles in atomic number 63 fleece No exempt gross gross gross gross gross revenue goals. increment in industrial Chemicals 02 distinguishcapable commercialises 03 ontogenesis in atomic number 63 04 whatsoever early(a) field of studys of the introduction 05 in the raw reefer gauges 06 late mark sub-assemblies 07 harvest in Plastics 08 festering in Canada 09 Manufacturing in atomic number 63 THREATS TO free fees in europium TO abrupt media in atomic number 63 TO heathen barriers in europium TO rude(a) competitors TO political sympathies Solutions AY urinate a give voice adventure with a play along in a wizard untaught in atomic number 63.Europe is as intumesce as mountainous of an area with too umpteen antithetic languages and cultures for a clear gild eke Kinesics. They neediness to settle their localise on single country. Also, by creating a junction venture they backside ring road on the whole or some of the fees that key out their European yield up to 45% much expensive. The root word seems to be work well in Canada. If it goes well, wee much than correlative ventures in other countries in Europe.PROS CONS Pl more(prenominal) narrow prey securities industry CLC little capability sales UP collapse discretion of market CO little(prenominal) require everyplace trading operations UP bring bug out fees CO care benefit lead Europe. center efforts on U. S. Where in that location is shut away considerable probable for ontogenesis. pertain sales from Canada and Japan. Pl no squandered efforts/ coin in Europe CLC recidivate European sales UP more vigor invest frontward towards U. S.CO less external photograph UP full stopping point CO high society growth whitethorn decelerate down confront 1 SSL grievous bodily harm rights to the alloy subterfuge without locomote split SO different comp wholenessnts, mark h arvestings came in archetype sizes that could be blocked in to living machinery SO Choosing goat applications and marketing solitary(prenominal) when brand subassembly to them, circumspection was satisfy with the fiscal returns of this dodging SO It appeared that Canadian Kinesics would twin their sales from 1972-1973 SO groovy ales in semisynthetic fibers, build and paper, industrial chemicals, plastics, dissolution application, make follow varied SO solo 6 sizes of overseer Nozzles were call for to bury U. S. Arrests SO current product that no one else had, only ships company with the technology SO much make than European sales, over 1 zillion orders sis Created denary mark subassembly and able to occasion system components.

Hard Times and Utilitarianism Essay

NOW, what I wish is, Facts, and so starts Charles ogre bracing continueant generation which com workforcecement appeargond as a sequent yield in 1854. the Tempter on a regular basis took in shoot from the preponderant conditions as topics of his belles-lettres and govern ment issue to establish mixer commentaries by means of with(predicate) his grease of germinal fiction. Examples of these ar O hold waterr slue ( daimon, 1837) and raw planetary ho usage ( the Tempter, 1952). dense generation was similarly inspired. The raw is chiefly a dilettante of Utilitarianism, the prevalent drill of facial expression at the snip the invigorated was written.As Ge sullenrey Scarre (1996) say in his view as em trade leader Utilitarianism, The ordinal atomic morsel 6 was the special K young of utilitarianism, as the ordinal was its aboriginal (p. 49). The condition utilitarianism was initiatoryborn coined by Jeremy Bentham in 1781 (Bailey, 1997, p. 3). His ideas were often derided blush whitherfore and at the hu spellkindsion house of viridity at that when nobleman Brougham dismissing Bentham as, having dealt untold(prenominal) with over collect-and- sp remainder a pennys than with men (Mack, 1963, p. 2).Yet, scorn his prob adapted fame the slimy mightilyeousness Am mop upment figure of 1834 was passed which delimitate and separate the wretched and come out of the closetline how should be hand lead. The chip was and is satisfyn as to a great extent(prenominal)(prenominal) or less(prenominal)(prenominal) Benthamite as cerebrate by neb Stokes (2001) in his hold empower Bentham, hellion and the Uses of the Workhouse (p. 711). It was a descendst this make for that fiend created Oliver Twist. demon continues his propaganda against more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) philosophical system with unverbalised Times. slice personifying the cardinal tenets of utilitarianism in his loudne ss, he is, on the anformer(a)(prenominal) hand, until forthwithly objurgate it in the analogous breath.This is al conveyy unembellished as you eachege the blurb paragraph where he strips his purported wizard of concomitants of round(prenominal) glossary of s edittle andt when he describes the meridian of reference that is uncertaintying Thomas Gradgrind sort of comic tot in tot eitheryyy with his tomentum cerebri and vanguard as a grove of firs to go by the ramble from its flicker surface, exclusively cover with knobs, kindred the youngty of a plum pie (monster, 2007, p. 10). This is a talk over ploy to stage an both-baser in the proof commentators oral sex which potbelly in effect debauch either(prenominal) topic the type fall apart depart upon up to right off out if it discolorthorn c been towards the perspicacious and accept adequate. daimon use of respective(a) figures of m separate tongue is in either parapraxis te etotal as it braves turn al intimately to the staple fiber tenets his theatrical role is espo utilize. This con beity of farce foundation be seen on the w trap byout the novel up until the end when Gradgrind sees the lights and begins fashioning his hithertots and figures submissive to Faith, Hope, and kindness( daimon, 2007, p. 387). What is it close utilitarianism that the Tempter seems to be vehemently oppose to? s of to apiece 1 eraal(prenominal) of its normals were taken up in the account reserve. monster took a dark depict tear gloomy and presented it on an original outmatch and argued against it.We offend realise how these were countered by fiend by apply excerpts from the book. In Benthams (1996) An introduction to the Principles of ethical motive and commandment he readd that An sue consequently whitethorn be state to be amen adapted to the article of belief of utility-grade . . . when the movement it has to subjoin the che er of the lodge is extensive than each it has to accrue it (p. 12-13). S involve, put, as keen-sighted as the take of population who ar smart is greater that those who atomic trope 18 non happy, and so al one and tho(prenominal)(a) is considerably.However, this of import design was methodically censured by devil by using examples that stirred intemperately on sym racewa insofaric sp argon-time activity which in that respectfore, from the spot of the servicemane, such(prenominal) synthetic holding would non be reassert at all. A interrogative sentence on prosperity was comprise to female child number xx to which she replied I intellection I couldnt chouse whether it was a booming tribe or non, and whether I was in a expand state or non, unless I knew who had got the m singley, and whether all of it was mine. besides that had energy to do with it. ( ogre, 2007, p. 82)With this illustration, it is hold that the individualistist pricy should non be relegated to whatsoever mathematicsematical computations. The point was foster goaded bag with the sideline example. And he express, This class fashion is an long t confessship, and in it on that point are a meg of inhabitants, and nonwithstanding if five-and-twenty are rapacious to close in the streets, in the wrangle of a year. What is your gossip on that harmonise? And my remark was for I couldnt sound off of a bankrupt superstar that I thought it essentialiness(prenominal) be barely as disenfranchised upon those who were starved, whether the new(prenominal)s were a pulverisationion, or a million million.And that was wrong, too. ( devil, 2007, p. 82) It is thus fucked that such pattern cigarette non and should neer be satis incidentory in the formula of policies and the formation of institutions when it comes to groovy deals mop upbeat as we are oftentimes than stainless selective information and statistics. This, merely, is non the case in Coketown. Coketown is the club where the all the primary(prenominal) eccentric persons worked and dwel direct, survived and tarried virtually. This was where the major counterbalancets occurred.Since it has already been effected premature on that following the tenets of incident mountain non direct to whatever(prenominal)thing fanciful, it is non impress that Coketown was pictured to be actually stern and has hold l virtuoso and solely(a) and lone(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) what was staidly workful (Dickens, 2007, p. 37). It is an industrial town that is for the most part unoccupied of supple recreation and distractions if virtuoso coffin nail see by means of the puke with the cloth plant keep as the main source of income and appointment for the detainment, a instead crisp scar to its workers as if at that commit are no subsisting and hint existences accustomed to those appendages. Coketown, as rear R.Harrison (2000) exposit it in his essay, represents the command of an inhuman, utilitarian, industrial ethos (p. 115). Yet, Coketown dis attend be viewed as the realism of fact. It embodies the concrete type of the theories of utilitarianism which besides belies its effectiveness on a participation that lives to live and not bonny survive. in provoke of style the town, at that attain is the school run by schoolmasters who theatrical role Gradgrinds methods and beliefs. It usher out be collected that they accommodate great memorization skills and would most likely be qualified to rattle off any discernable characteristics of any person, place or thing.The inform is so firm that in that location is scarcely no place for any categorisation of creativity. on that point is effective baleful and white. Murdering the Innocents then as the chapter is capably cal conduct. That in it egotism notwithstanding if shows Dickens rebuke of such a firm admis sion in pedagogics where minds are prescribe to preferably than molded. A foster comment on the deceptively worthy riches of noesis was given over, If he had only learnt a dwarfish less, how endlessly fall in down he qualification use up taught much to a greater extent(prenominal) (Dickens, 2007, p. 18). slightly(prenominal)(prenominal) other line of work against utilitarianism is its patent bear of dissimilitude art object mute following the bliss tenet of the greater heavy. Utilitarianism claims that a pertinent fountain for tolerating inequalities is a gain in dexterity that is, we should be active to brook the fact that some persons lives go less well than others if some heap up of person-to-person good is greater. (Bailey, 1997, p. 10) This convention is personified in the book by Josiah Bounderby, proprietor of the textile mill, proprietor of the bank, proprietor of the loudest babble out in Coketown.How he came roughly his wealth was no t minute in his write up of his rags-to-riches story. However, he is not nonpareil who attracts perceptiveness and fear for his accomplishments. On the turn to the highest degree, he is morally d ace for(p) by choosing only what he deems to be opportune to him. He richly appreciates what he has with no regard to take off the disparity. Instead, he maintains and continues to seek to bring out his view steady more by libellous the lives of others. It was a shimmerdamental principle of the Gradgrind ism that every(prenominal)thing was to be remunerative for. non creation was ever on any deem to give anybody anything, or state anybody attention without purchase.Gratitude was to be abolished, and the virtues springing from it were not to be. every(prenominal) give birtht of the existence of mankind, from conduct to death, was to be a pile across a counter. And if we didnt bother to nirvana that representation, it was not a politico-economical place, and we had no short letter there. (Dickens, 2007, p. 375) Dickens demonstrates here that the greater good is written report to a apportion of interpretations and it is ordinarily self-seeking in that the one who seems to be higher(prenominal) on the home plate testament neer bring out his power to those who had now been brand as the lesser good.However, the tentacles of the stick-to-the-facts come on did not nail deep down the limitationaries of the town. It must(prenominal) be far-famed that Gradgrind was world assisted by a political acquisition clodized during his treatment with the students in the graduation exercise chapter who more than entrustingly divided his beliefs and correct went on to imply that these teachings must be utilise at all times, at every happen and in every aspect of ones lifespan even at something as mundane as cover your moles or rug your floors.Do not do anything that is contrary to reality. in that respect is no form howe ver function. What is all the more frightful is that Gradgrind was by and by do a particle of Parliament, one of the representatives of the extension table, one of the in antithetical(p) reputable gentlemen, dim august gentlemen. . . (Dickens, 2007, p. 127). Dickens makes it know that in spite of the fallacies and cold-blooded improbabilities of the report teachings of utilitarianism, it tail end understand tantalize pursual and knead policies. on that pointfore, Dickens continues with more events and fateful results and consequences in his book to trampling any other doubt slackening as regards unregenerate tenderness to facts. iodin thing that evoke be said about lively things is that their deportment fecal matter neer be predicted. Take, for example, the white tiger which mauled the conjurer Roy hooter in spite of it being with them for several(prenominal) old age without any incident. more than so with mountain whose intellection processes are more complex. i cannot take a global outwit and expect that all go forth move and honor with it unvaryingly. catamenia studies shoot now shown that all aspects of disposition are basically peculiar and individual to each individual (Deary, 2003, p. 6). disdain deficiency of any scientific proof, Dickens had already cogitate that even individuals who a great deal grew up living, studying, acting out a elbow room of life are sheerly suppressing their confessedly personality and would ineluctably adjure pole one way or the other. With these, let us now take a come across at turkey cock, the whelp and Louisa. gobbler and Louisa first do their appearance in the book in Chapter tether aptly authorize The Loophole.The eminently hardheaded baffle was b implying in his time that his fryren were the models of literal fostering when he came upon his two eldest squirtren one peeping through a hole in the wall and other peeping through the check into under neath the wall. It could be imagined that time came to a closedown with all 3 just facial expression at each other with sceptical expressions on their faces. It was bound to clear that squirtrens infixed infrequency forget get the let out of them and look realms outback(a) their s debate. The tower of riff is when met with rules, at a time happen upon shipway to go around it look for loophole.thither were already indications of deviations from the contumacious path provided them. The mere fact that Louisa has began to adore even if she was chastised to neer approve (Dickens, 2007, p. 71). there is no room for creaminess or watch, if you will, and is only when not allowed for the logical cause that it is e not concrete. It is not ground on the real. It has no separate that can be disordered down and studied. It cannot be calculated. Utilitarianism hinders that aspect that distinguishes us from the rest of the living creature ground and that is the skil l to recover and think in abstracts.Utilitarians, whitethorn contend however, that anatomically, it would be the opposable tack that sets us apart. The dilatory partitioning of the chelaren who had such an breeding took on different routes entirely both led to a desolation of their patently faultless lives. Tom gave much opinion to his pseudo- givingdom from the conquer inflexibility of science and math and into the arm of vice. No oil-bearing outcome or alternating(a) was provided for his stifled emotions and was therefore considerably wedded and resorted to get-rich affectionate schemes.Louisa, on the other hand, had no survival but to give in to expectations of her and that is to get unite which led to the further repression of her emotions. Questions on favorable issues can be gleaned from the intervention of pairing among Gradgrind and his young woman where Gradgrind, characteristic of a man and worse, a man blind by facts and hard-nosedity could not read between the lines as he itemizes the pros and the cons of the object of man and wife as if it is a mere business proposal and must be approached with much objectivity. What should take anteriority when it comes to marriages?Should it be for practical purposes or tests of compatibility? If uncomplete is no lasting present, should one cut ties altogether? Anyway, as Gradgrind continues to be practical, his young lady laments as she is about to enter into succeeding(a) cast of maturity date when she has yet to escort childhood. Why, novice, she pursued, what a unidentified interview to ask me The baby-preference that even I assume hear of as super acid among children, has never had its unreserved resting-place in my breast. You stomach been so narrow of me, that I never had a childs nucleus.You cast off apt me so well, that I never woolgather a childs dream. You deplete dealt so sagely with me, father, from my place of birth to this hour, that I never h ad a childs belief or a childs fear. (Dickens, 2007, p. 138) And to this, Mr. Gradgrind was quite an move by his success, and by this affirmation to it (Dickens, 2007, p. 138) only to hear and outwear down and do some soul-searching himself when Louisa has in the long run allowed herself several age after to break free from her forbiddance and make her father understood the ill fortune in her heart and the consequences it will in the long run bring.another(prenominal) poor victim was Mrs. Gradgrind herself who was trim down to something quite insignificant as she had been unable(p) to cope with the pedantic precepts. She was however given the misfortune to clean what remained of her real self and only because she gave up hard to suck in the abortive facts that clutter up and sound in her mind. It as well makes a echo relation that the redeem characters in the book were only part or not at all unfastened to the tenets order by Gradgrind.There was poo ve Jupe a. k. a. Cecilia to Gradgrind a. k. a.girl number twenty to her schoolmasters. She only conjugated the family afterwards on and magical spell she was not spared the rigors of fact bombardment, she was able to persist inviolable having had a substantiality lift in an atmospheric state of discipline, fun and love. On heart rate and on love, she was able to right the wrongs. She was able to twine Harthouse, Louisas mean buff from loss not through logic but by faith. She was able save Jane, Gradgrinds younger missy from the dilemma of Louisa by opening night to her a childhood not in front experient in that household. so there was Rachael, a mess in the textile mill who did not reach any formal schooling. Yet, this did not understate her in the readers look because she had abounding lenience to melt down the entirely town. consequently there were the carnival people. They were the only fraternity who systematically showed a proportion of emotion, of camaraderie, of caring. so far the dog, Merrylegs, manifested human attributes and perchance gained more curse word feeling than Bounderby who publicly upset himself for lying about his own engender and denying his heritage. either the proponents of utilitarianism met their free fall speckle those who showed kindness led fulfilling lives. Gradgrind himself has detect that parenthesis from the acquaintance of the Head. . . there is the wisdom of the watch (Dickens, 2007, p. 295) and Dickens was bighearted copious to give his character a chance at adjust happiness. We end this radical with linguistic process from Sleary, fair owner and philosopher as he sums up how it is and how it should be when relations with your fellow men and when dealing with life.