German nationalism change between 1815 and 1919 Essay Example

German nationalism change between 1815 and 1919 Paper Another example, later on in the period would be the radical Pan- German league of the early 1900s who exercised a certain influence in pushing the authorities to implement a more aggressive foreign policy, and demanded German dominance in Europe; situations such as the Moroccan Crisis, exemplify a certain conflict with the government of the time. In the period 1815-1848, the ideas of German nationalism were very much developing. With the development of their ideas, Metternichs reactionary policy of repression would have effected the short term aims of the nationalists. With the declaration of the Carlsbad Decrees, the authorities of the German Confederation began a policy of repression which proved successful in the short term, but in the long term did not really tackle the problem. After 1840, when the repressive legislation was LAXED, membership to nationalist organisations were again rapidly increasing. We will write a custom essay sample on German nationalism change between 1815 and 1919 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on German nationalism change between 1815 and 1919 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on German nationalism change between 1815 and 1919 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For example, in the five years after 1842 membership to the Gymnasts movement increased form 300 to 90,000 demonstrating that not only did Metternichs policy effectively fail, but that nationalism was from decline. The aims of German nationalism in this period did change as it was essentially an illegal movement, and so its immediate aims would have been to, at the least have its voice heard, and furthermore to expand its support base. Events such as the Hambach festival demonstrated the extent to which German nationalists were discontent, however the significance of the festival should not be overstated; it should be kept in sight that German nationalism was still essentially a minority movement supported by mainly the middle and the educated classes as well as university students. It was popular with these strands of society as, the initial wave of nationalism, in 1815 was based on a feeling of kinship and was more a from of cultural nationalism; it was a very romantic movement based on the arts including poetry, folk stories and art. This demonstrates that the aims of these nationalists were not necessarily for political unification. However, nationalism in this period was the junior partner of liberalism, and it was under this guise of national liberalism that the nationalists ideas began to develop and thus so too the aims began to develop. The demonstrators of the Hambach festival are most certainly likely to have a much better sense of awareness for the benefits of political unification and economic unification. In fact there may have been many varying groups of nationalists at demonstration, as indeed, there were different variants of nationalist who all had slightly different ideals and thus varying aims. For example, the Polish and Greeks desire and devotion for a nation was no less valued or deemed inferior at this time, however by late Wilhelmine Germany, with the development of Darwins evolution theory, the ideas of German superiority were firmly embedded n the ideals of the radical German nationalist groups such as the Navy League and the Pan-German League. Franco-phobia was another prominent element of German nationalism, throughout the time period. This was evident from as early as early as 1813, and in fact many historians, including professor Chris Clarke of the university of Cambridge, believe that it was indeed the author of German nationalism. It is no coincidence that at any time in history, when ever Germany and Frances interest were at conflict, German nationalism was always at its most vigorous. This is demonstrated in 1813, as well as in 1840, during the war scare on the Rhine crisis. It was in the years after the war scare on the Rhine crisis, that Metternichs repressive policies were beginning to be reversed and a re-emergence of German nationalism was to slowly occur. However this re-emergence was evidently different from its more romantic forms during the early 19 century. With the success of the Zollverein in the late 1830, the German states were becoming brought closer together than they had ever been before. Although the monarchys of the states were not looking for unification, and purely consented to economic unions for financial gains, Germany was nevertheless becoming more unified in certain respects. During the 1840s the established movement for nationals unity grew within the German Confederation. Society reflected, through its journalism, songs, poems, art and national societies, a growing sense of national unity that could provide the ideological cement to bind the various pressure to reform together; there was a growing feeling that the German nation was actually a reality and should therefore have an opportunity to realise its unity. However, after what initially seemed like a success for the national liberal, during the 1848 revolutions, debate seemed to take precedence over action: the revolutionary national liberals were no able to realise the potential of this turning point. Therefore in the years leading up the 1848 revolutions much change did occur. Nationalism grew, it reached a peak, but then did not act, therefore lost credibility in the immediate aftermath of the revolution. The forces of conservatism were again able to assert their superiority and it arguable that much had not changed. Nationalism was still weak. However nationalism adapted to its failures and again evolved, with the changing times. Y the mid 1850s the aims of German nationalism were to indeed unite Germany, however these were still the aims of the radical German nationalists. Bismarcks blood and iron speech, emphasised a realisation for the nationalists that unification could not be achieved by debate. Sir Lewis Namier described 1848 as a revolt of the intellectuals. Bismarck crude and realistic approach to politics emphasised, for the nationalists that unification would not be achieved by mere discussion, and without a strong military backing. Although, Bismarck was certainly not a nationalist or liberalist, his unscrupulous political work ethic, meant that he would not refrain from exploiting nationalism for Prussia ultimate greatness. Although nationalism was essentially opposed to Prussian conservatism, by 1871, Bismarck was the hero of the nationalists. He was initially opposed by the national liberals (the largest party at the time) in the Prussian Landtag over the Army reform bill, but having overcome them, Bismarck was free to pursue his policy of making Prussia great. An inadvertent result of this was beneficiary to the nationalists. By successively out manoeuvring Austria over the second Holstein- Schleswig crisis Bismarck had firmly placed Prussia in total dominance. Prussia was superior to Austria economically, politically and militaristically. Winning the Austro-Prussian war in 1866, took only six weeks for Bismarcks Germany. Essentially the point being that, the nationalist were ever increasingly willing to support as while he aimed to assert Prussian dominance, the path to German unification also seemed ever likely. Bismarck easily exploited the nationalistic fever against the French during the Franco-Prussian war and was able to unite Germany. Elements of continuity were evident in the speeches made by Bismarck to exploit the nationalistic feelings; the language of nationalism was frequently used and recent research has even suggested that terms such as blood and iron were in fact used by the romantic poets of the earlier nationalistic movements. The aims of nationalism in the years leading up to 1871 was for Germany to unify. However, for some nationalist a kleindeutchland solution was not sufficient as it did not accommodate all German speakers. This again shows an element of continuity as this was similar to what the early romantic German nationalist also wanted, and furthermore it was among Hitlers aims in the months leading up to World War II. Both Bismarck and Time helped cement the new born nations national identity, and by Wilhelm II reign as monarch, nationalism had again adapted to changing times, but was still nevertheless an opposing force to the established government. After 1890, the ideas of nationalism became more expansionist suggesting that the military was also taking a more dominating role in society. With the growth of industrialisation and economic stability, the chauvinistic Wilhelmine German state was able to increase its military and naval strengths while consequently also allowed to pursue a more aggressive and expansionist foreign policy. These two elements: desire for expansionism ,and an increasingly militarised society, sewed the seeds for the aggressive nationalism which was to grow in strength during the early 20 century. Radical organisations such as the Pan-German league, the Navy league and the Agrarian league represented the new ideals of German nationalism. Eric Hobsburn emphasised that the basic characteristics of modern nationalism and everything associated with it are its modernity. The developing ideas of German nationalism were certainly immensely influenced by the modern factors of its time. For example, the evolution theory or the fact that all the great powers were concerned with colonial were external factors which helped mould the ideas and aims of these radical German nationalist movements. It should again be accentuated that these movements, although were no longer deemed as threats to the state, did still push considerably strongly for the government to pursue far right wing policies. In the years of the war, German nationalism endured certain changes, however it should be said that during war time the nationalists ideals would have been to entirely support the war effort. . Initially nationalistic feeling was widespread during the start of the war, however with the rapid deterioration of Germanys domestic situation during the second half of the war as well as with the emergence of a German military state nationalism could be said that it was submerged with the military and was also felt in the hearts of the German people. However with the loss of the war nationalism again evolved into its next mutation: a national socialist movement. This was mainly due to the harshness of the treaty of Versailles, which denied the principle of self determinism to the Germans, much to the resentment of the German nationals. So in conclusion, the aims and ideas of German nationalism in the period 1815 to 11919, endured certain significant developments whilst also retaining particular essential features. However the conclusion must be that almost by nature modern nationalism is subject to change, and so the same rules applied to German nationalism. It adapted with the fast changing times, gradually and naturally increasing in influence at certain key points during the period. For example, the peaks German nationalism reached during the times when German security was threatened by the French exemplifies the extent to which the aims and ideas of German nationalism were subject to change, but that also it was certain forces that usually caused these changes.

ENV 101 Exam 2 pt 1 Essays

ENV 101 Exam 2 pt 1 Essays ENV 101 Exam 2 pt 1 Paper ENV 101 Exam 2 pt 1 Paper What is the difference in the adaptation of a sled dogs (such as a Husky) thick coat of hair to help it withstand the cold temperatures of Arctic winters and a dog that adapts to cold temperatures in the fall by growing a thickened coat? The adaptation of the sled dog best describes adaptation at the ____________ level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has _____________. Population; physiological modifications at the individual level Evolution occurs as a result of Better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic Which of the following is a physiological modification used to adapt to environmental conditions? Leaves becoming thick and leathery on a plant growing in a dry, hot climate Natural selection will ultimately make a species Better adapted to its environment Regular lawn mowing selects for short-headed rather than tall-headed dandelions because Short flowers have less competition when the lawn is mowed often Tolerance limits are _______ that limit a species survival. Any environmental conditions A species can withstand a wide range of pH as an adult but the juveniles can only withstand a narrow range of pH. The abiotic factor, pH, would best be described as a Stress factor Which of the following fish species would be the best indicator of clean, well-oxygenated water? Rainbow trout Populations are most critically limited by Any of these, depending on the system Indicator species, such as lichens, generally have a ___________ tolerance range for a ___________. Narrow; critical factor A species can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above 100?F there are no species present. In the range from 97?F to 100?F and 90?F to 94?F there are a few species present. Below 90?F there are no species present. 11. What would you label the range of temperature from 90?F to 94?F for this particular species? Zone of physiological stress What would you label the range of temperature from 95?F to 96?F for this particular species in the scenario? Optimal range A generalist is a species that Occupies a variety of ecological niches Certain night-active moths and day-active birds are specialized nectar feeders. How do these species coexist if they are using the same resource for food? They do not compete for the nectar because they feed at different times of the day Humans can best be described as Generalists Resource partitioning leads species to All of these would be a result of resource partitioning Resource partitioning tends to lead to a high degree of _______ in species Specialization Intraspecific competition is competition among ________ for resources Members of a single species Which of the following is not a common strategy for successful interspecific competition? The life cycle of dragonflies (the larva live in the water) An especially effective strategy for reducing intraspecific competition is Different ecological niches for juveniles and adults Symbiosis means A relationship in which both species benefit In the partnership of a lichen, the fungus provides _________ and the relationship is best described as structure and moisture-holding ability; mutualism A keystone species is a species whose presence Influences the population size of many other species in its community In a commensal relationship, One species benefits while the other neither suffers nor benefits A biological communitys productivity is a measure of amount of biomass produced in the community Abundance describes the total number of _________ while diversity describes the number of _________. Organisms in a community; species in a community In a biological community where diversity is great, such as a tropical rainforest, the abundance of any one species is likely to be Small As a rule, near the Earths north and south poles, Neither abundance nor diversity is high Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of species at each trophic level A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few herbivores and only one carnivore, has Little complexity A community that changes very little over time is said to have great Constancy In the coastal forest of Oregon an area was clear-cut for logging. Trees at the edge of the clearing and 200 meters into the forest died within a few months after the logging began. What is the best explanation for the death of the trees? increased sunlight, wind and temperature negatively affected the trees A closed community has a Narrow ecotone A climax community is one that Is relatively stable and long lasting Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________. On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another As ecological development proceeds, a biological community Becomes more diverse The most common reason that introduced species cause trouble is because they Disrupt pre-existing niches Which of the following migrations is likely to cause the extinction of a native species? The introduction of a predator onto an island originally free from predators A biome is described by Broadly similar environmental conditions Location of specific biomes can be predicted based on Precipitation and temperature In the graph of precipitation and temperature, desert biomes would fall in the area marked by the letter A Neo and Trinity are in a biome that has relatively stable temperatures and abundant rainfall. They have a graph of precipitation and temperature similar to the one shown. Which letter marks the biome they are located in? C Cloud forests are found in ________ areas in tropical regions. Cool mountainous Neo finds himself sweating in a moist forest but there arent many streams or wetlands. He is amazed by the tremendous amount of biodiversity including an abundance of biting mosquitoes. Has he inadvertently gotten closer to his goal of finding a boreal forest? No the description is that of a tropical rainforest A biome absent from North America is the Tropical rainforest Which of the following is an example of a specialization that plants in the desert may have? All of these are adaptations of plants living in desert conditions Tropical seasonal forests are specially adapted to tolerate Annual cycles of severe drought and heavy rain

Physical impacts on building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical impacts on building - Essay Example Fog also affects adversely buildings indirectly through birds when they are migrating during misty seasons and at the night (Hobson & Wassenaar, 2008; pp. 817). Since, they assume many of the buildings’ lights are bright space bodies when flying, only to realize too late, where they swerve into a glass building, breaking it (Noble, 2004). Hurricanes grievously affect people despite their states up to date having devices meant to predict their occurrences (Barnes, 2006). Mainly, this encompasses destruction of homes besides other structures like industries or commercial buildings (Steiner & Butler, 2007). The recent Katrina’s damages according to Cauffman (n.d) reported massive obliteration of residential houses due to flooding and high velocity waters. Besides, structures that are far from the sea but near to the coastal region usually experience strong winds caused by storm surges (Cauffman, n.d). Mainly, these winds cause failure of the roofs, wakening of decks and wind-induced damage to glass windows (Cauffman, n.d). Recent disastrous incidence occurred in New Orleans its destructions amounted to approximately $60 billion besides killing 18,000 people (Marsh & Kaufman, 2012; pp. 140). Additionally, hurricanes adversely affect infrastructures, electricity besides communication networks due to flooding and st rong winds (Fitzpatrick, 2006). Extreme drought heat prompts numerous houses start experiencing fatigue faster. Since, soil at the buildings’ edges starts drying up faster where tree roots force their way under the buildings and form cracks in the floor (Waugh & Bushell, 2002: pp. 99). Sometimes the damage may be irreparable to the extent of entailing utter dismantling of the entire unit especially when the cracks are evident in the walls (Campbell & Corley, 2012). In addition, excess heat may lead to extra stress on the roofing materials that end up stretching and creating large holes where in raining

The Role of a father. A Rogerian Argument. Is a father's participation Essay

The Role of a father. A Rogerian Argument. Is a father's participation in a child's growing up more significant in a son's or in - Essay Example It is the relationship with the father that decides daughter’s confidence in her womanhood, her identity, her relationships and her self-esteem level. It won’t be wrong to say that it is the father who builds the path of success, contentment and happiness in daughter’s life as it is he, who gives her the confidence to survive strongly and with dignity in the male dominated human society. Father’s role in child development It is a typical assumption that children become well adjusted adults if they live with same sex parent as same sex parent becomes an appropriate role model for them (Newman and Grauerholz 465). This assumption is strengthened with a research by Hosley and Montemayor (1997), who found that fathers have less contact with their daughters and engage more in activities of their sons (Lamb and Lewis 290). Larsen and Richards (1994) found that due to the communication gap with fathers, daughters remain uninfluenced by them while sons are influen ced a lot (Lamb and Lewis 290). However, a review of literature on child psychopathology by Phares (1997) revealed that even though fathers do not interact with their children as much as mothers, they still have a powerful indirect and direct impact on the social and emotional adjustments of children (Lamb and Lewis 290). This shows that fathers play an important role in the development of both, the male and the female child. ... of 2433 teenagers living with single parent, sociologists Brian Powell and Douglas Downey (1997) revealed that there is no base to the assumption that same sex parent are better as they are better suited to become appropriate role models (Newman and Grauerholz 465). In fact, they found that the chances of teenage girls becoming pregnant are more when they live with their mothers (Newman and Grauerholz 465). This proves that the assumption that same sex parents prove to be better role models for adolescents is wrong. According to Freud, daughters have an unconscious desire for their fathers and in order to resolve the conflict of the internal desire, they identify with mother’s feminine qualities and model her (Sigelman and Rider 353). This shows that daughter’s modeling of mother is not ‘natural’ but is an attempt to impress her father and to win his appreciation. In this way, it is the father who reinforces the feminine behavior in his daughter (Sigelman a nd Rider 353). According to Parke (1996), Freud’s notion that father makes an important contribution in the development of the gender based role in daughters, is confirmed (Sigelman and Rider 353). Also, acceptance and encouragement by father plays a crucial role in healthy development of daughters. Sons do not depend on fathers to develop their masculine identity. They find the masculine identity through competitive achievement and acceptance by male group (male friends, peers etc.) (Kohlberg 163). However, daughters gain confidence and strength in their feminine identity only when they are accepted and approved by male (Kohlberg 163). As father is the first male in daughter’s life, the foundation of her future male-female relationship is based on her relationship with her father (Shearin Karres 165).

Philosophy take home final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy take home final - Essay Example According to the law of nature, every action has an opposite reaction and an evil action done by a person is returned back to him with all its power and strength. A pain caused to others brings unhappiness to them and the same feeling is directed back to the pain giver. According to Kant the people who are unethical and immoralist does not have the right to be happy. According to Kant, happiness is a state where there is enjoyment in life and there is continuous contentment and satisfaction in one’s own existence. According to him a person can qualify to be happy if he has followed the universal law of goodwill. 2.How are fatalism, hard determinism, and predestination different ? Some may use these terms synonymously; however there are important distinctions for the philosopher. What are they? Fatalism is a doctrine where all the actions and events are subjugated to fate. Whereas, hard determinism is the stronger version of determinism where one person believes ardently in fre e will and give importance to cause and effect. Here the random elements of Universe are disregarded. On the other hand, predestination is a theological theory which asserts that all actions and events are happening according to the will of the God. ... For a philosopher fate is something already determined by our past action, hard determinism is the quality of a person and predestination is the act of God. Hence these three concepts cannot be related philosophically. 3.Major differences exist between Aristotelian and Kantian ethics. Discuss the views on morality of both these philosophers and highlight those areas that are constitute the main points of disagreement. Do some of the problems with Kant's categorical imperative which Solomon mentions strengthen the arguments of the relativists ? Morality is proper behavior and action by a person and Aristotle and Kant both have different thought about morality. According to Aristotle, the people who do actions with an aim to achieve goodness can be termed as a moralistic person. He believes that money, honor, wealth or pleasure cannot bring happiness to human kind. It is the combination of all brings happiness. According to him proper genuine virtue and hunger for spreading goodness an d welfare among men is the real morality. On the other hand, Kant believes that morality of a person is based on rationality. According to Kant, a man has a reasoning ability and he understands his duty which is to do good human kind. Hence one acting upon his duty and universal law of goodness is a moral person. Some main points of disagreement of Aristotle and Kant is that the former believes an action which is good and desirable itself is moralistic and latter describes morality in a universal perspective as which is categorically imperative to a human. Moreover Aristotle explains that good action gives the feel of happiness and this is morality while Kant believes that good will is good because it by nature itself is good and hence is morale. Solomon’s statement does

Self Charging Cellphones Using Piezoelectric Zno Nanowires Engineering Essay

Self Charging Cellphones Using Piezoelectric Zno Nanowires Engineering Essay This paper aims at the transformation of mechanical energy, sound energy and various kinds of disturbances to electrical energy using piezoelectric materials. Using piezoelectric materials it is easily possible to convert any kind of mechanical stress to electrical energy and vice versa .Thus the sound produced during the usage of devices like cellphones can be converted to electrical energy and thus can be utilized for recharging the device. This paper presents a model of piezoelectric ZnO nanowire transducer for a gadget like mobile phone prototype of the power scavenging circuit, and the overall circuit for charging the mobile battery using the generated energy. INDEX TERMS : Charge generation, Diaphragm type , PVDF copolymer ,piezoelectric polymer , zinc oxide nanoparticle , Key depressions, Piezoelectric effect. INTRODUCTION A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network.A mobile phone uses a battery which serves as a power source for phone functions. The battery basically has one of the most important considerations when choosing a mobile phone.The basic cellphone batteries used are Lithium ion batteries which are of pouch format .These batteries are basically soft type with flat body.The talk-time battery time for a basic cellphone is considered to be six hours. Thus this short lifetime causes problem in case of battery rundown when there is no charging point available or during an important phone call. This problem of battery life in a mobile phone can be solved by using the unused power existing in form of sound ,vibration ,human activities, structures and environmental sources. Among these, one of the promising sources of recovering energy is from the vibrations generated by the key depressions of any keypad integrated device such as a mobile phone. Primarily, the selection of energy harvester as compared to other alternatives such as battery depends on two main factors, cost effectiveness and reliability. Conversion of mechanical low frequency stress into electrical energy is obtained through the direct piezoelectric effect, using a rectifier and DC-DC converter circuit to store the generated electrical energy. There are three primary steps in power generation: (a) trapping mechanical AC stress from available source. (b) Converting the mechanical energy to electrical energy using piezoelectric transducer. (c) Processing and storing the generated electrical energy. The mechanical output can be in the form of burst or continuous signal depending on the cyclic mechanical amplifier assembly. Depending on the frequency and amplitude of mechanical stress, one can design the required transducer, its dimensions, vibration mode and desired piezoelectric material. The energy generated is proportional to frequency and strain and higher energy can be obtained by operating at the resonance of the system. PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT The idea of this paper is to trap the vibrations of sound and other mechanical vibrations in a cellphone and use it to recharge the cellphone. Thus this creates a easier energy harvesting method. A conventional piezoelectric ceramic that is composed of a perovskite ceramic crystals, which consist of a small, tetravalent metal ion, usually of titanium or zirconium mineral, in an arrangement of lattice of larger, divalent lead or barium metal ions, and O2- ions (Figure 1). Under such arrangements they attain tetragonal or rhombohedral symmetry on the crystals. Individual crystal has a dipole moment. Refer Figure 1 b. Preparation of piezoelectric ceramicinvolves the following steps. The required proportions of Fine PZT powders of the component metal oxides are mixed. Then, it is heated to form a uniform powder. Now the piezo powder is mixed with an organic binder to get structural elements of desired shape (discs, rods, plates, etc.). The mixture is exposed to fire for a specific time and temperature program. It shapes the piezo powder particles and attains a dense crystalline structure. Finally the elements are cooled, then shaped or trimmed to various specifications, and electrodes are applied to the appropriate surfaces. Fig (1a) NOTE: Above the Curie point which is the critical temperature, the perovskite crystal in the fired ceramic element acquires a simple cubic symmetry with no dipole moment (Figure 1a).Below the Curie point, each crystal exihibits tetragonal or rhombohedral symmetry with a dipole moment (Figure 1b). Adjacent dipoles that are connected form regions of local alignment are called domains. This gives a net dipole moment to the domain, and thus a net polarization. The direction of polarization among all the adjacent domains is random, so the ceramic element has zero overall polarization (Figure 1a). Figure(1.b) CRYSTAL STRUCRURE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC The alignment of the domains is done by exposing them to a stronger and direct current electric field,at a temperature slightly below the Curie point (Figure:2b). Through this special polarizing treatment, domains that are aligned closer with the electric field expand at the expense of unaligned domains, and the element lengthens in the direction of the field. When the electric field is withdrawn, nearly all the dipoles are locked into a configuration of closer alignment (Figure:2c). The element now is said to have permanent polarization, the permanent polarization, and is permanently elongated. Fig(2) POLARIZING OR POLLING A PIEZO CRYSTAL The tension produced by the mechanical compression on a poled piezoelectric ceramic element alters the dipole moment due to which a voltage is created. voltage of the same polarity as that of the poling voltageis generated by the compression produced along the direction of polarization, or tension perpendicular to the direction of polarization. Tension opposite to the direction of polarization, or compression parallel to the direction of polarization, generates a voltage with polarity opposite that of the poling voltage i.e., Disk is stretched. These actions are called generator actions .The ceramic element converts the mechanical energy (due to compression / tension) into electrical energy. This action is used in fuel-igniting devices, solid state batteries, force-sensing devices, and many other products. Values for compressive stress and the voltage (or field strength) generated by applying stress to a piezoelectric ceramic element are linearly proportional up to a material-specifi c stress. And also true for applied voltage and generated strain. fig (3): The piezoelectric materials are advantageous in that they do not rely on external power sources (e.g., batteries or alternating current (AC) power) for continued operations, unlike strain gages  ¬Ã‚ ber optics , wireless sensor nodes, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices , and other types of sensing systems. Unfortunately, PZT and PVDF suffer from fundamental limitations intrinsic to their material. Although piezo-ceramic PZT transducers possess high piezoelectricity and d33 piezoelectric constants approximately 200-400 pC N-1 , they are extremely brittle, have high loss factors, and are characterized by highly hysteretic behavior . On the other hand, piezoelectric polymers such as PVDF and PVDF-copolymers are  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exible, conformable, and can be fabricated to different sizes and thicknesses . However, they possess considerably lower piezoelectric constants are compared to PZTs (10 pC N-1) and require intricate mechanical stretching to enhance their bulk  ¬Ã‚ lm piezo-electricity. Furthermore, both PVDF  ¬Ã‚ lms and PZTs require high-voltage poling so as to enhance their piezo-electricity. Thus, in order to use piezoelectric transducers for sensing applications in complex laboratory and  ¬Ã‚ eld environments, it is desirable for them to simultaneously possess high piezoelectricity and excellent mechanical properties. On the other hand, the nanotechnology domain offers a diverse suite of new materials and composite fabrication methodologies for high-performance piezoelectrics . Among the plethora of nanomaterials, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanosprings, and nanoparticles, among others) can be readily synthesized and exhibit inherent piezoelectricity . BLOCK DIAGRAM The basic block diagram of the proposed model is shown in Fig. below. It consists of 3 main blocks, (a) piezoelectric power generation (b) rectification (c) storage of DC voltage. AC voltage is generated from the piezoelectric material which is rectified by the rectification block and then it is stored in a storage device such as a battery. Fig (4):BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION (PROTOTYPE MODEL OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL FOR MOBILE PHONES ) A diaphragm assembly comprises at least two piezoelectric diaphragm members arranged in a stacking direction. An interface layer is situated between adjacent piezoelectric diaphragm members. The interface layer in the stacking direction is displaceable and incompressible or resilient. The interface layer permits lateral movement of the adjacent piezoelectric diaphragm members relative to the interface layer in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. The interface layer can comprise, for example, an incompressible liquid or a semi fluid or a compressible gas. A gasket can be used to seal the substance in the interface layer if necessary. Fig. 5. Basic model of diaphragm type piezoelectricity generation. 1. Electrodes 2. Piezoelectric material (PVDF) 3. SiO2 4. n-Si 5. Hole for the central part of film to deform itself CIRCUITRY The figure illustrates the overall circuit diagram of the entire process. The rectifier shown in the Fig maybe either a full wave rectification circuit or a half wave rectification circuit based on the combination of diodes or a voltage double rectifier. Since a diode is being used in the rectifier, a p-n junction diode or a Schottky diode can be used. The Schottky diode has a threshold voltage which is lesser than that of a p-n junction diode. For example, if the diode is formed on a silicon substrate, a p-n diode may have a threshold voltage of approximately 0.065 volts while the threshold voltage of a Schottky diode is approximately 0.30 volts. Accordingly, the uses of Schottky diode instead of p-n diode will reduce the power consumption required for rectification and will effectively increase the electrical charge available for accumulation by the capacitor. When the electromotive force in the piezoelectricity generation section is small, a Schottky diode having a low rising volt age is more preferable. The bridge rectifier section provides rectification of the AC voltage generated by the piezoelectric section. By arranging the rectification section on a monolithic n-Si substrate, it is possible to form a very compact rectification section. A typical diode can rectify an alternating current-that is, it is able to block part of the current so that it will pass through the diode in only one direction. However, in blocking part of the current, the diode reduces the amount of electric power the current can provide. A full-wave rectifier is able to rectify an alternating current without blocking any part of it. The voltage between two points in an AC circuit regularly changes from positive to negative and back again. In the full-wave rectifier shown in Fig the positive and negative halves of the current are handled by different pairs of diodes. The output signal produced by the full-wave rectifier is a DC voltage, but it pulsates. To be useful, this signal must be smoothed out to produce a constant voltage at the output. A simple circuit for filtering the signal is one in which a capacitor is in parallel with the output. With this arrangement, the capacitor becomes charged as the voltage of the signal produced by the rectifier increases. As soon as the voltage begins to drop, the capacitor begins to discharge, maintaining the current in the output. This discharge continues until the increasing voltage of the next pulse again equals the voltage across the capacitor. The rectified voltage is stored into a storage capacitor as shown in Fig., which gets charged upto a pre-decided value, at which the switch closes and the capacitor discharges through the storage device or the battery. In this way the energy can be stored in the capacitor, and can be discharged when required . Fig 6:Circuit diagram of the whole process. RESULTS The material used for the current application is a PZT with 1.5 Mpa lateral stress operating at 15Hz. The output power produced is 1.2W. The energy/power density is 6mW/cm3.The output voltage is 9V [8]. The volume of the material used is 0.2cm3. This voltage can be used to produce the required amount of charge after being processed. CONCLUSION The design of the proposed energy conservation system for mobile phones and has been presented in this paper. The design helps to provide easy energy harvesting technique for mobile phones.The design presented here will be quite effective in providing an alternate means of power supply for the mentioned devices during emergency.The design is improved by implementing nanowires .The implementation of nanowires reduces the size of the system and also improves the efficiency on the other hand increases the cost of the system.Thus this design converts the vibrartion due to sound and key depression into electrical energy to recharge the mobile phones.

Cause and Effect of Games Addiction

Topic: Cause and Effect of online game addiction There are many reasons people play games: for their entertainment, relaxation, studying and burning free time. Game is a part of human creativity, it keeps people entertained, creative, figure out what to do or better at problem solving. The game can include friends so people will play together or against each other and become competitive. Other than the benefits from playing online games, there are also problems from online games. Two main causes of this addiction is the design and service of the games and the effect is that people have less time.Online game addiction is a problem. The first cause of game online addiction is the design of game. Game designers make characters’ look and act like humans. Thus player is easily manipulated and they can play it by themself without anyone else. Characters have clothes, hairs, body like humans for example. When player click left-mouse they stand and another mouse they go at moment. Som ething people feel this action like they are going and doing. It is really real to see and they are interested with drag their mouse . The pictures are beautiful, natural, and it looks real making the game more fun.The background pictures are many colors, flowers, water, gardens, trees, 3D of style for example. There are many tools and support players which makes the game exciting. This is like that there is a map load when people want to finish their task. Pop-up windows show up when people use their character to trade items with others and act everything with one option. Another cause is the service of the game. Player can exchange items easily and view all traditional items in the screen. Therefore they can save it in the store or take it out of the game.Players keep characters in their account for the next time they will play. Thus game services attract people to upgrade level of character. There more exercise, the better the character will be compared to others. For example if people saw their character less level than their friends they feel shy and spend more time to play online games for winning in the future. Players can get virtual money in the virtual world. They can buy something in game by this money or put real money into game system. So game provider sells account cards for player check and save money or use it in the virtual world.Many players spend a lot of time to playing online game and have too little time to exercise and study. As a result Children get bad grades, fail their exam and don’t help anything about housework for their mother. In addition, players are bad at communicating in real life because it is they can easily talk in the game and they not only act in the play but also send message for others. Player can get sick because they play too much, which means they do not get enough rest and see the computer screen a lot. Some people play action games or violent game that have a lot of strategy to kill so they act the same way in real life.Online game addiction is a serious problem for everyone. There are benefits, but there are also problems. When players play every day, they will get addicted to online games. The design and services of the games are the reasons people get addicted, and there are negative impacts to people. I think people need to talk about children playing too many games. It is acceptable to play games, however people have to limit the time. Players should spend enough time for both games and their real lives. Thus the life is balanced, healthy and useful.

Beauty Practices Around the World

Real beauty lies within but first impressions always last. Usually, we are more interested and fascinated on things that appeal to our sense of sight. That’s why being beautiful in the outside matters. Tall, petite, brunette, blonde, fair, tanned, slim or curvy, we vary in beauty as we differ in culture and race. There is really no exact definition of what beautiful is for beauty indeed lies in the eye of the beholder. According to Meera Jain (www. skincare-news. com), â€Å"beauty is not one’s own but a reflection of one’s culture.The cultural implications of beauty are prominent in every culture and have a strong influence on the way women are perceived. Across the world, different cultural perceptions uphold an ideal of beauty that is linked to sexual appeal and social status. Making one’s self beautiful is an inborn trait. In general, the appeal of beauty is to attract a sexual partner or attain a higher social status. The process of beautification va ries in each culture but mostly it is done to be considered attractive. Beauty is a means of self- expression and a reflection of our inner spirit.The quest for beauty has changed over the years but the purpose remains to show off material wealth, social position, authority, and flaunt sexual appeal. The desire to be admired by others drives most women to perform tasks to beautify themselves and change their form. In all cultures, clothing and jewelry styles are used to be more attractive. The Western culture applauds women who are tan, tall, and slender, have large breasts, small waists, and delicate features. On the other hand, the Eastern ideal is voluptuous, curvaceous, big eyes and strong noses.Meanwhile, Asians refer to long limbs and vital statistics as minor contributors to the beautiful body, what is more important is the state of mind. For the Asian religions, the treatment of beauty as a respectful and dignified attribute is emphasized in religious texts especially in Hin duism, Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism. For instance, religious idols and texts displayed in Western religions have not been nude and the idols are fully clothed while in Eastern religion idols are considered beautiful especially when depicted in the nude.Both cultures can admire the beauty of what is found in their houses of worship and use this to define their cultural ideal of beauty. Our views may vary on the essence of being beautiful but we all agree that for one to be beautiful in the outside, she should start by feeling beautiful in the inside. Women spend more time on pampering themselves and spend hours in front of the mirror to get the results they wanted. They also spend much on beauty products like makeup, lotion or moisturizers, spa and body treatments compared to men. Nonetheless, nothing can compare with the joy beauty brings to a person.Being branded as beautiful can boost one’s personality and self- confidence. The world has a lot to offer with the advent of te chnology and intensive researches in the field of beauty, being beautiful in the today’s generation is more affordable and practical. II. Caring for the Skin The skin is a very sensitive organ, which is the most exposed part of our body. Everyday, it is exposed to the scorching heat of the sun, dust particles, and air pollutants. We are constantly battling with the risk of getting pimples, blackheads, acne, and clogged pores to name a few. Great skin begins from within.Scandinavian women drink at least 1. 5 liters of spring water everyday but they also begin and end their day with 15-20 splashes of spring water on their face to help encourage the skin’s own natural functions. Different skincare products were launched to suit the type of skin we have. For example, in America, limejuice is used for bleaching. Other alternatives are bananas and milk, and egg white and honey combinations. On the other hand, most Asians resort to using whitening creams and soaps with papaya extract to achieve their desired skin color. In Europe, 75% of women regularly use skin care product every week.As a matter of fact their facial skin care markets up to $6 billion for 2000. It only proves that women give importance especially to their facial skin. Meanwhile, the use of sunscreen is also vital in maintaining flawless facial skin. Hispanics, African-Americans, and Asians in general apply sunscreen to help fight against dark spots and skin cancer. Italian models care for their hands as carefully as their face by mixing hydroquinone cream and olive oil to soften skin and erase hand freckles. On the other hand, Parisian models keep their skin glowing with salt rubs.They do this by taking approximately one cup of sea salt and mix it with a half- cup of peppermint tea to form a paste. Then they use this mixture by rubbing it in the shower of before bathing. Many women fear looking old thus anti-aging products were also created to keep us looking young and vibrant with lif e. In the United States Jolene Edgar of Redbook said that in order to restore radiance, an acid peel at the spa is recommended. It only takes twenty minutes for the mild mix of glycolic and salicylic acids to dissolve skin cells and impart a fresh- faced glow.Antioxidants also help skin aging by fighting skin aging radicals. In Japan, green tea is the beverage of choice to speed calorie- burning metabolism and to keep the face line free. Skin gets thin as one gets older due to a low collagen and elastic tissue which are responsible in keeping the skin firm and supple. This is the inevitable thinning of our skin and accounts for only 10% of the aging process. The sun’s penetrating rays have a direct effect on skin, thus injuring the cells and their contents.The skin shrivels and wrinkles as it lose moisture. If one likes to tan, expect a 20% reduction in collagen levels in a lifetime. Too much sun accounts for 90% of aging. Because of this, the use of sunscreen is highly recom mended to act as a shield for the sensitive skin of the facial area and preventing the growth of dry dead skin. For example, Mediterranean women use olive oil to soothe and soften dry, irritated skin and also in treating sunburn. III. Makeup and Cosmetics Every woman wants to look for a best and it all starts with makeup.According to celebrity makeup artist Shalini Vadhera, choices in makeup for women of color are better today than they were a few years ago since companies have expanded their hands to include women of different cultures and formulated products to work on different skin tones. Women with Asian skin tone are advised to apply yellow- based products like the foundation to reveal a natural, flawless look. For paler Asian skin, mixing one’s regular base color with yellow-based foundation can do the trick. Asian women also look really nice in smoky color eye shadows like purple, lavender, pink, gray, and charcoal.For Asian eyes to stand out, highlighter is applied u nder the brow. The most important factor in deciding what color and how to apply eye shadow is to take into consideration the amount of fold you have above the eyelid. If you posses a fair amount of fold, then you can boldly apply dramatic colors such as black, deep turquoise and navy blue for night time wear and utilize the technique of multi-layering colors. Colors that are especially flattering for daytime wears are bronze and light colors applied close to the lashes while more intense colors are blended on top.However, www. ultimate-cosmetics. com mentioned that women with dark skin should stick to warm, earthy colors like gold, bronze and maroon while mauve, pink and silver on fairer skins. Lipsticks with medium dull shades and matte finish are also advised for lack-skinned women. Peachest blushers work best too while reddish tints should be avoided. In American and European countries, when the focus is on the eyes, lips look best nude. They do this by choosing a shade similar to their lip color and smooth a little gold lipstick or shimmer on top.The golden shade adds shimmer and makes lips appear fuller. Whether they wear foundation or not, they can play up their eyes with eye shadow, eyeliner and mascara top create a futuristic look. Whatever makeup one wears, correct application and choice of color must be put into consideration to attain best results. IV. Hair Care The hair is a reflection of one’s health and personality. They are important contribution to your total look and given the right care they can make you look beautiful. However, if neglected it can be distractive to your appearance.Hair is an integral part of the structure of your skin and like your skin, it changes with passage of time (www. womenfitness. net/beauty/hair/hairstruc. htm ). The hair and scalp needs proper care now and always. Negligence over a period of time may result to the formation of dry brittle hair, split-ends, hair fall, dandruff and many more. There are three types of hair namely oily hair, dry hair and combination hair, which commonly include hair with oily roots and dry ends. In addition, there are many ways to take care of hair according to type. Oil hair have separate strands and stick to your head.To keep it healthy, use mild shampoo, as often as necessary even if that means everyday. Use only very little shampoo and put a conditioner on the ends unless the hair is very oily. Then don’t use too hot a hairdryer and don’t also brush or comb more than necessary. On the other hand, dry hair tangles and brittle easily. To protect hair from being dry, shampoo your hair every 4-6 days using a mild shampoo. After which, use a cream conditioner combing it thoroughly through the hair and leaving it on for a few minutes before using. Meanwhile, the same guidelines apply to combination hair type.Hair, like beautiful wood, can be shaped, mounded, colored and, if properly taken care of, can be made to shine with health. (www. pg. co m/science/haircare/hair__twh__2. htm ). Indian women are known for their thick, long, lush hair. They do a hot oil scalp massage once a week using coconut oil. Meanwhile, Spanish women use cranberry juice as their final rinse on their hair to give them fabulous natural highlights. For blonde, they use lemon juice instead of cranberry. Shampooing is a matter of cleanliness and hygiene, but also a matter of feeling style, and convenience (www. ourstorygueson.com/lhc/shampooing. htm). The more hair is washed, the more friction is applied and thus wear and tear. Be gentle to your hair if you want to cultivate it and be with you for many years. Brushes are more appropriate and convenient to use for short hair. They put a lot of control into short hair. It is difficult to use brushes with thicker and longer hair because it is difficult to get the brush through the hair and it also tends to catch the hair, possibly twisting, pulling, stretching, and even breaker than hair. However, combs a re greatly preferred to brushes for longer hair.Usually, combs with wide teeth are preferred to those with narrower teeth. Combs are used to detangle hair, to aid in drying, to spread with oils along the shaft, and to arrange the hair after it is dry. Also, the larger the teeth and the wider apart the teeth are, the more gentle the comb is in the hair. Furthermore hair can become stronger and shinier if coupled with a balanced diet. A well- balanced diet, rich in silica, calcium, and iron, will help reduce or prevent hair loss while green leafy vegetables are good mineral sources.The hair is comprised mostly of protein, therefore to encourage hair growth, adhere to a diet rich in protein (www. womenfitness. net/hair-care-tips. htm) Choosing the right hairstyle can be the most important factor in one’s appearance. It balances your body, frames your face, and complements your clothes and lifestyle. When choosing a new hairstyle you should look carefully at the shape of your fac e. For example, if you have a round face you should aim to add length by avoiding a neat bob with a fringe. On the other hand, a heart shaped face should avoid a heavy slab of fringe that will make it look like a triangle.Meanwhile a short perky bob will go very nicely for oblong faces. Spa and Body Treatment Most people experience less leisure and more daily stress as they juggle work and career, family and friends. Nowadays, people no longer have to go on a cruise or hit the best beach to get the relaxation they deserve. Now, the key to a relaxing experience is just a phone call or a ride away, all because of the birth of spas. Asian spa focuses on harmony between the mind, body, and spirit through traditional massage, meditation, and herbal medicine.Ancient herbal remedies, steam compresses, natural ingredients, and simple principles based on a combination of Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese dominate Asian Spa. Many of the herbal treatments used in the spas are coupled with European remedies to soften the skin and nourish the soul. In Switzerland, spas are classified according to their degrees of stimulation. For example spas located in areas with an altitude of 1550- 3410 feet have soothing effects on the nervous system while those situated in 3720- 5890 feet simulates the nervous system and production of blood.Meanwhile in Monte Carlo, Monaco, spa centers provide manual therapy such as fascia therapy, shiatsu or reflexology, physiotherapy, kinesitherapy and sophrology. Furthermore, Ireland provides both luxury and serenity in their spas like the Elysium Spa, which includes an ozone deck level pool, Jacuzzi and steam room, needle shower, and a fitness room for Pilates, exercise and dance classes. On the other hand, most spas are open- air in Tahiti. These are located in garden areas facing the lagoons. Soothing lagoon waters, vanilla and flower scented breezes and the scenic beauty of Tahiti add to the appeal of the spas.In Mexico, spa services include hydroth erapy, body scrubs, all types of facials and massages, aromatherapy and herbal baths, lymphatic and ocean front massages are some of the services offered. They also offer reflexology, Zen shiatsu, Anma Shiatsu, Reiki, stretching therapy, chiropractic and Iris diagnosis and full hair care. Massage is considered as an essential element in maintaining good health and restores the well being of both mind and body. All forms of massage follow the principle of restoring natural balance by ensuring the easy flow of â€Å"Chi† the energy of life force of the body.Massage from Bali or India use aromatic oils to stimulate the sensory system. Moreover, the pressure applied along the body’s meridians and yoga postures can also enhance one’s well – being. Besides massage, spas also offer body baths. In Indonesia, the Mandi Susu or milk bath makes skin soft and pure to the touch. Modern formulations of this ritual, which is from goat, sheep or cow’s milk, have e liminated the taste and smell of milk while maintaining its nutrients with protein that softens skin.An alternative for this ritual that can be done at home is by pouring fresh or powdered milk in with the buttermilk are also good alternatives. Another body treatment is the Ocean bath, which focuses on the healing properties of unrefined sea salt, which is effective in removing toxins from the body. Sea salt nutrients are also easier to absorb by the body. Aromatherapy oils are also effective in relieving stress. A drop or combination of essential oils into warm water are absorbed into skin while the rest evaporate and inhaled which soothe muscles and mind.Oils like chamomile, lavender and rose can calm the body while ginger, sage, rosemary detoxifies it. Furthermore, ylang-ylang, geranium, and sandalwood can ignite passion while grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, peppermint, and pine have brain boosting ingredients. The body is not the only one that needs to be pampered but the face also deserves some special treatments from time to time. According to Anitra Brown the most popular treatment is a salt glow or sea salt facial scrub done with coffee grounds, finely ground pecan shells or the Napa Valley grape seeds. V. Cosmetic SurgeryDon’t we all want to look like the models that we see on television or magazines? Many people want to look better that some resort to surgery to make them look prettier and sexier. Some people want to get rid of fats immediately and without the rigor of strict dieting and regular exercise. Liposuction is a special surgery that sucks fats from the body. Liposuction is one of the most wanted surgeries in the world wherein people get a leaner body shape by losing inches rather than pounds. It is done by a doctor who makes small cuts in your skin and then puts tubes into the cuts.These tubes connect to a machine that sucks out fat from under your skin. Liposuction is an artistic expression that practices practical application of scien tific knowledge in pursuit in beauty and making people feel happier and contented with what they see in the mirror. In Thailand, doctors utilize the revolutionary Tumescent Liposuction since it does not require general anesthesia and has a faster recovery time with the same results. In Tumescent Liposuction; areas with excess fat are injected with a large amount of anesthetic liquid before liposuction is performed.This liquid enlarges the compartments of fat, which makes the liposuction canella to travel smoothly beneath the skin while the fat is being removed. It also provides pain relief after the procedure. The common areas covered by liposuction include the neck, stomach, back, face, lore handles, hips breasts, calves, thighs, upper arms, buttocks, and knees. However, liposuction does not promise a well- sculpted body shape forever. The fats removed will still come back if one eats more exercise less than necessary. Moreover, it is not suitable for people who are too heavy or tr ying to lose weight.Liposuction is also prohibited to those who have a disease that would affect healing or those under medication that would affect the healing process. Furthermore, liposuction costs much and most health plans do not cover this kind of surgery. Another pitfall of liposuction is asymmetry and rippling or bagginess of skin. Also, skin injury occurs and pigmentation changes. Many women also undergo breast augmentation which enhances the size of breasts using inflatable implants filled with saline. Surgery takes one hour to two hours only. Patients may experience temporary soreness, swelling, change in nipple sensation, and bruising.Moreover, the breast becomes sensitive to stimulation for a few weeks. Breast augmentation may also result to the formation of scar tissues in the breast and it may also decrease or increase the sensitivity of the breast area permanently. The breast lift is another procedure which can improve the shape of women’s breasts. The surgery helps raise and reshape sagging breasts by removing excess skin and repositioning remaining tissue and nipples. Temporary bruising, swelling, discomfort, numbness, dry breast skin and permanent scars are just some of the side effects of this form of surgery.Another high risk is the loss of feeling of nipples and breast including having uneven location of nipples. Another method of making skin look younger is the chemical peel which restores wrinkled, blemished, unevenly pigmented, or sun-damaged facial skin, using a chemical solution to peel away skin's top layers. It works best on fair, thin skin with superficial wrinkles. Presence of temporary tiny whiteheads ; infection; scarring; flare-up of skin allergies, fever blisters, cold sores, abnormal color changes and a rare chance of heart irregularities are just some of the risks one has to take in undergoing this treatment.Dermabrasion is another method involving the skin. It is the mechanical scraping of the top layers of skin usi ng a high-speed rotary wheel. This surgery softens sharp edges of surface irregularities, including acne and other scars and fine wrinkles, especially around the mouth. One may experience temporary tingling, burning, itching, swelling, and redness in this form of surgery. The facelift is another favorite of old women since it improves sagging facial skin, jowls, and loose neck skin by removing excess fat, tightening muscles, and redraping skin. This is most often done on men and women over 40.Temporary bruising, swelling, numbness and tenderness of skin; a tight feeling and occurrence of dry skin are some side effects of this surgery. While for men, permanent need to shave behind ears, where beard-growing skin is repositioned. Facial implants can also renew the structure of one’s face by changing the basic shape and balance of the face using carefully shaped implants to build up a receding chin, add prominence to cheekbones, or reshape the jawline. After surgery, shifting or imprecise positioning of implant, or infection around it, may require a second operation or removal.Excess tightening and hardening of scar tissue around an artificial implant (â€Å"capsular contracture†), can cause unnatural shape. The face is not the only issue addressed by plastic surgery but other body parts as well like the ears. Ear surgery or otoplasty sets prominent ears back closer to the head, or reduce the size of large ears. This is most often done on children between the ages of four and fourteen years. Temporary throbbing, aching, swelling, redness, and numbness accompany otoplasty. Furthermore, excessive scarring may occur and cartilage may be infected during the process.It can also result to mismatched or artificial looking ears. In these cases, repeat of surgery is required. Another twist is the browlift or forehead lift wherein forehead creases, drooping eyebrows, hooding over eyes, furrowed forehead and frown lines are minimized by removing excess tissue, altering muscles and tightening the forehead skin. It may be done using the traditional technique, with an incision across the top of the head just behind the hairline; or with the use of an endoscope, which requires three to five short incisions, which is most often done on people over forty.This can cause itching and hair loss. Furthermore, the method can injure the facial nerve which will cause loss of motion and muscle weakness. Nowadays the hair can already undergo surgery through the hair replacement surgery. The surgery fills in balding areas with a patient's own hair using a variety of techniques including scalp reduction, tissue expansion, strip grafts, scalp flaps, or clusters of punch grafts. This works best on men with male pattern baldness after hair loss has stopped.A patient may experience a temporary ache and a tight scalp after surgery including an unnatural look of the hair. We also have the nose surgery which reshapes the nose by reducing or increasing size, remov ing hump, changing shape of tip or bridge, narrowing span of nostrils, or changing angle between nose and upper lip. It is also done to relieve some breathing problems. Infection and small burst blood vessels resulting in tiny, permanent red spots are some of its side effects. Incomplete improvement however, may require additional surgery.People have a lot of alternatives when it comes to plastic surgery. Due to the advent of science and technology, being and looking beautiful is made easy so long as you have the money and the confidence to face its consequences. VI. Conclusion Being beautiful takes a lot of time, effort, and money. The different beauty practices around the world cater to our needs to become the best of what we can be and to make us contented and happy of our physical attributes. We need to be aware and updated of the latest techniques and practices in keeping or maintaining our beauty.The world has a lot to offer especially with the help of science and technology i n providing us with our needs. However, we should not only focus on materials or practices that can make us beautiful in the outside but also in the inside. To be considered beautiful, we have to balance both so our real beauty may shine. BIBLIOGRAPHY Wild, Russel (June 1998) 8 Easy Ways to Beat Fatigue, Reader’s Digest, pp. 31-33. Parachin, Victor (May- June 2002) The Daily Grind: Ways to Ease Up on Life’s Pressures, Health and Home Magazine, pp. 30- 31. Evangelista, Ianne (November 2006) Style Checklist, Cosmopolitan, p.80. White, Kate (August 2002) The Best Beauty Buys for Summer Travel, Cosmopolitan, p. 98. White, Kate (August 2002) Max Out Your Summer Sexiness, Cosmopolitan pp. 216- 219. Adolphe, Nicole (July 1999) BeautySpot, Dolly, p. 46. Kramer, Cheryl (September 2003) Keep Your Skin Sun- Kissed, Redbook, pp. 69-70. Edgar, Jolene (September 2003) Makeup Made Easy, Redbook, pp. 77-85. www. thaimakeover. com/ccosmetic-plastic-surgery-bangkok-thailand www. nlm. ni h. gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_45553. html www. 99bali. com/spa/thestory/asian_health/index. html www.beautybathbodyspa. com www. mamashealth. com/skincare/exfoliate. asp www. jurgita. com/articles-id31. html www. natureproducts. net/Cosmetics/acne_3html www. real-articles. com www. laser-hair-removal-tips. com www. phuket-spas. cpm/treatments/index. htm www. highbeam. com/doc www. massagemag. com/spa/treatment www. glamourhunt. com www. ultimate-cosmetics. com www. womenfitness. net/beauty/hair/hairstruc. htm www. pg. com/science/haircare/hair__twh__2. htm www. ourstorygueson. com/lhc/shampooing/shampooing. htm www. ourstorygueson. com/lhc/shampooing/shampooing. htm

buy custom The Federal Bureau of Prisons essay

buy custom The Federal Bureau of Prisons essay The states with the highest number of prison gangs include California, Florida, Arizona and Texas. In Texas, there are 11 main prison gangs. Six of them are Hispanic gangs, three are predominantly for whites and two are for blacks. These groups have spread their tentacles to all other states where they are referred to as disruptive groups by Federal Bureau of Prisons (Fong,1990). The Federal Bureau of Prisons is continually identifying prison gangs and assigning them the title security threat groups. In a 2004 prison gang survey carried out by Prof. George Knox, 4 out of 5 Americans believed that federal prison agencies need to do more in order to investigate as well as prosecute organized prison gangs as well as other security threat groups within the country. Provision of tuition support to prison staff members has been one of the strategies that the Federal Bureau of prisons has been employing in order to try and deal with the problem of organized gangs especially when it comes to maintaining law and order within prison environments. In a bid to deal with these gangs, some prison authorities have devised a classification system that puts into consideration memberships to certain groups, legal or illegal. This sems like a rather disturbing revelation as indicated Prof. Georges report and should therefore be investigated further. The survey, entitled: The Problem of Gangs and Security Threat Groups (STGs) in American Prisons Today: Recent Research Findings, 82 percent of all the people surveyed said that transferring gang members and leaders to institutions with higher security was the best way of dealing with prison gangs. The federal government has been instituting legal provisions that allow for withdrawal of privileges from inmates who belong in these gangs or who are caught engaging in any form of gang-inspired misconduct. How gangs affect administration and management When prison gangs hurt entire societies in the streets, the blame lands square on the state and federal administration. The Federal Bureau of Prisons has had to make new laws in order to pave way for new restrictions to be imposed on inmates who belong in gangs that commit crimes both within the prison and out in the street. Staffing resources have had to be increased in order to increase the capacity by the administration to deal with the escalating gang prooblem. Additionally, the federal administration has had to make changes to the existing facilities in order to make them in an environment full of dangerous and hostile gangs. These changes have been taking place at a time when more specialized training among prison officials has been advocated for in order to enable them deal with Security Threat Gangs (STG) as well as prison gangs. The federal government has also been forced to introduce additional services in all prisons in order to provide gang members with professional counseling services. Against this backdrop, the biggest demand by management of prisons has been the call for denouncement of prison gangs by all members and leaders of the gangs. Although much has been done in the criminal justice system in order to deal with the street gang problem in California, the problem is evident in every corner of this wonderful state. New prison gangs that are extremely feared by local people continue to emerge, meaning that residents might have to request for more gang injunctions from the criminal justice department in order to get a sense of security. If a multifaceted approach is taken by all criminal justice institutions, this problem will be overcome in the foreseeable future. Buy custom The Federal Bureau of Prisons essay

Free Essays on Granny Weatherall

Critical Analysis of Granny Weatherall Thesis: The main qualities of Granny Weatherall’s character are her strength, her endurance, and her vulnerability. I. Introduction A. The Jilting of Granny Weatherall is a short story written by Katherine Anne Porter. B. The story teaches us about old age and the dying process. C. The main qualities of Granny Weatherall’s character are her strength, her endurance and her vulnerability. II. Granny name suggests that she have gone through it all during her eighty years. A. As a young widow, Granny reflected on how she had to dig postholes. B. Granny was able to work in the extremely cold weather. C. Granny had to become the doctor and veterinarian. III. Granny had to endure much heartache and pain. A. She was left at the altar by her beau. B. Her husband died at a young age. C. Her youngest child died. IV. Granny Weatherall becomes vulnerable. A. Because of her first jilting, Granny becomes bitter and controlling. B. Granny strives for a neat and orderly life. C. Granny spends her entire life avoiding surprises. V. Conclusion A. Vulnerability, endurance, and strength are the main qualities of Granny Weatherall’s character. B. Granny was able to see things a clearer on her deathbed. C. Life is so unpredictable one can never prepare enough for it.  Critical Analysis of Granny Weatherall The Jilting of Granny Weatherall is a short story written by Katherine Anne Porter. The story teaches us about death and dying. Throughout life, people deal with both death and mortality in many different ways. Some people are preoccupied with the thought of death and others seem to accept their imminent demise. Because life is unpredictable, one cannot prevent or prepare for the inevitable. Katherine Anne Porter... Free Essays on Granny Weatherall Free Essays on Granny Weatherall Critical Analysis of Granny Weatherall Thesis: The main qualities of Granny Weatherall’s character are her strength, her endurance, and her vulnerability. I. Introduction A. The Jilting of Granny Weatherall is a short story written by Katherine Anne Porter. B. The story teaches us about old age and the dying process. C. The main qualities of Granny Weatherall’s character are her strength, her endurance and her vulnerability. II. Granny name suggests that she have gone through it all during her eighty years. A. As a young widow, Granny reflected on how she had to dig postholes. B. Granny was able to work in the extremely cold weather. C. Granny had to become the doctor and veterinarian. III. Granny had to endure much heartache and pain. A. She was left at the altar by her beau. B. Her husband died at a young age. C. Her youngest child died. IV. Granny Weatherall becomes vulnerable. A. Because of her first jilting, Granny becomes bitter and controlling. B. Granny strives for a neat and orderly life. C. Granny spends her entire life avoiding surprises. V. Conclusion A. Vulnerability, endurance, and strength are the main qualities of Granny Weatherall’s character. B. Granny was able to see things a clearer on her deathbed. C. Life is so unpredictable one can never prepare enough for it.  Critical Analysis of Granny Weatherall The Jilting of Granny Weatherall is a short story written by Katherine Anne Porter. The story teaches us about death and dying. Throughout life, people deal with both death and mortality in many different ways. Some people are preoccupied with the thought of death and others seem to accept their imminent demise. Because life is unpredictable, one cannot prevent or prepare for the inevitable. Katherine Anne Porter...

Question and Answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question and Answer - Essay Example For example, large fonts get associated with adult characters or the volume of voices that are ‘heard’ by the children. Children are able to articulate the non textual content of the books through their observation and interpretation which they express by enacting the roles of the characters. Thus, postmodern picture books help to create three dimensional interactive narration from two dimension picture books where the gap between the fantasy and reality considerably reduces. It suggests that postmodern picture books greatly influence children’s power of critical thinking, imagination, theatrical ability to enact the role of characters of the story and significantly impact the development of cohesive process of constructing meaning to pictures. The conventional picture books were confined to traditional fonts and pictures where children’s ability to interact was considerably restrained, both in terms of interaction and construction of new meaning to the narration. The postmodern picture books are highly creative in their content and pictorial narration which often provokes the reader to respond in constructive imagery. Its pictorial narration is often interspersed with characters from different stories which forces children to construct new meaning to the text. Most importantly, it also hugely facilitates in the integration of children coming from diverse socio-cultural background. Thus, it is not only highly interactive but also defies con ventional narration of pictorial text by its innovative modeling of characters that draws out responses from children in myriad ways. Azripe, E. & Styles, M. with Cowan K., Mallouri, L. & Wolpert, M. (2008) ‘The voices behind the pictures: Children responding to postmodern picturebooks’, in S Pentaleo & L. Sipes (eds.), Postmodern Picturebooks: Play, Parody and Self Referentiality, Routledge, London, pp.

Activity 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Activity 4 - Essay Example as individually interviewed (45 minutes); materialism was measured by placing pictures depicting answers on a collage and then measured again by taking them off; self-esteem was measured with a sorting task adapted from Rosenberg’s 1965 self-esteem scale. The second study was identical to the first except the groups contained 35 subjects and an experimental group was used and given a self-esteem prime at the onset and later the results of the self-esteem measurement were checked against the self esteem prime. Findings revealed that materialism is decreased with an increase of self-esteem and that when self-esteem is heightened in adolescence materialism is negated to the degree that differences in age and materialism vanish. This article is particularly relevant to my study as it provides a methodology that could be used and findings with which to compare. This article sets out to prove that the relationship between materialism and self-esteem cannot be encapsulated within ‘explicit’ self-esteem, and that ‘implicit’ self-esteem has a vital influence on materialism, and uses three studies to validate their proposal. In the first study implicit and explicit self-esteem was measured in relation to materialism – Rosenberg’s 1965 Self Esteem Scale (for self-esteem) and Greenwals and Farnham’s 2000 Implicit Association Test (IAT) for explicit self-esteem). The second study induced implicit self-esteem by means of subconscious manipulation while measuring explicit self-esteem, and the third study again measured both types of self-esteem but this time using Richins and Dawson’s 1992 materialism scale to measure materialism. Findings show that both explicit and implicit self-esteem jointly impact on materialism and that people with high levels of explicit self-esteem differ in the way they adopt materialism in accordance with their implicit self-esteem. This article is valuable to my research because it adds to the theory of materialism and self-esteem by