Tobacco: The Cost-effectiveness of Current Smoke-free Policies Essay

1. Introduction Tobacco use constitutes a global epidemic that results in 5 million deaths each year (World Health Organization, 2008). If current trends in tobacco use continue, the number of tobacco-related deaths is expected to rise to 8 million deaths annually by 2030 – with 80 percent of these deaths taking place in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Mathers & Loncar, 2006). Currently, about 10 percent of the world’s smokers live in India (World Health Organization, 2008). The 2009-2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative household survey, found that 34.6% of adults over the age of 15 in India currently use tobacco (International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), 2010). The prevalence of tobacco smoking in Gujarat, India, including those using smokeless as well as smoked tobacco is estimated to be 19.8% among males and 1.5% among females(International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), 2010). Most smokers in India consume bidis, small cigarettes containing, on average, 25 percent less tobacco than the average cigarette (Jha et al., 2008). Despite the smaller amount of tobacco in bidis, they can produce more nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar than the average manufactured cigarette because of the way smokers puff on them (Mackay J et al., 2006). One recent nationally representative case-control study found t hat about 70% of smoking-related deaths in India take place during productive years of life between 30-69 years of age (Jha et al., 2008). In addition, the study projected that smoking will kill one million people each year starting in 2010 (Jha et al., 2008). Since 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO)'s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) offers a ... ... or sub-national setting. In the past several years, low and middle-income countries have seen an increased number of smoke-free policies (World Health Organization, 2009). However, some of these policies do not meet the FCTC’s recommendations or are poorly enforced at the sub-national level (World Health Organization, 2009). Therefore, it is important to examine the cost-effectiveness of current smoke-free policies to provide decision makers with the evidence needed to strengthen existing policies to meet FCTC requirements. Additionally, given the exceptions in India’s current smoke-free legislation and the high levels of exposure to secondhand smoke found in recent data, there is a particular need for transparent cost-effectiveness analysis of smoke-free legislation in India(International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), 2010; Trostle et al., 1999).

Interaction with teacher Essay

It was all what I wanted. It was what I dreamt of long before. But it was all taken for granted by the people around me. I was always the top student among all the six graders in our school, and due to that I am one of those whom they regards as their priceless gem because I always come up with something, like a new idea about a certain issue. I have been one of those sent for if there are contests. They say I act and think like an adult already. Not like any other regular students, I also happen to excel in sports and other curricular activities. I am also a runner. I have always been running on track since I was in grade three. I exerted much effort in it because it is my passion. Day after day I spend time in training and being exposed to tracks to win in future races but i never forget to maintain my good grades in my academics. In class, I have this very close teacher in Math. I also love Math at that time that is why I also like my teacher. It so happened that my Math teacher also happens to be our classroom adviser. Sometimes, after classes and I do not have any practice in the track, we always have chitchats and she would always advise me to pursue whatever dreams I have in mind and never to forget to remember the people around me that had help me in achieving things in life. She also told me not to be sidetracked and still give importance with my studies because that is the most important achievement in life. There were difficult times during my training but I still managed to persevere because I have a goal and that is to win. I never thought of quitting the training even how tired it gets. I continued to pursue my dreams and visions that one day I will reap my reward in due time if I will not fail and go frail. I can say that I am very determine and aggressive to reach my dreams that time. I think I just deserve every victory I get as i go along with my chosen path because of the diligence that I have manifested. Time came when I joined a race. Every people would know me would say that I have great chances of winning the first place because of my hard trainings and my trained skills. The event came and I was all set out to win the race but to my surprise, my coach talked to me in private and asked me not to win the first prize. I can be in second place or third place as long as I won’t be the champion. I was so devastated upon hearing this coming from my coach, my mentor, the one who served as my model. I wouldn’t know what to do. I was so troubled and kept thinking whether to agree and follow my coach or to go on the different way and achieve my dreams. It was the most difficult part of my life, to choose something that no one would be hurt. My conscience, my will to win and my loyalty to my coach we’re all fighting. What would I choose then? The event proper came, and the race started. I was on track and was leading. Many of my friends and families were all cheering for me. This made me more determined to go on faster and faster. The finish line is almost near when I remembered what my coach told me. My heart was beating as I saw the finish line. For the finish line would mean victory and success but for now, it meant devastation and tragedy for me. A few seconds before I reached the finish line I slowed down, giving the others opportunity to win. When I slowed down I noticed one girl who was always at my back during the track was now leading the race. Finally, the girl made it to the first place while I was the second placer. All my friends, families and relatives were all dismayed by what happened. They all expected that I would win the race. I was down and weary, to the point that it already affected my performance in school. I felt so ashamed and so coward for not fighting what is right. I have low self- esteem for quite some time and my grades got lower and lower. Then one Thursday afternoon, my Math teacher and classroom adviser called my attention. She and I talked in her office. I knew she was going to reprimand me for my poor performances at school. Well, at the back of my mind that time it was alright if she will reprimand me because I just deserve it. But to my surprise I was wrong, totally wrong. The moment I entered the room she smiled at me. Smile? Why would she smile to someone who is a loser? Then she offered me a seat. During those moments I am still very clueless on what would happen as we talk. Then she asked me if I am alright, so I said yes but I said it tears just fell on my eyes. She told me to be true to myself and whatever I feel I should share and let it out. So, I expressed my frustrations and everything that happened in the race. She told me that she understand why I was having low performances at school the past few weeks. But my life should not stop there. She told me that I am still very young and that many opportunities would still knock on my door and if that happens I should grab it immediately. She told me that everything happens for a reason and for a purpose that is to shape and mould us to become a much better person than what we are. She told me that my life should not end there because there is still so much in store for me in the future. Stubborn as I am, I told her that I do not want the future, what I want is now. She then answered me that I should live one day at a time and take one step at a time. With her words of wisdom, I was cheered. It really matters if you talk with someone who has a lot to say about life, like my teacher. I could not imagine that she would help me out because all along, I thought she was just a Math teacher, nothing more, but it was proven wrong. My teacher really touched my heart and transformed my life. After that talk, I started again and now with a positive outlook in life that no matter how I fall I should make a choice to rise up again. That was how I think even though I was just in sixth grade that time. Later it was found out that the father of the girl, who was the champion, paid my coach so that I won’t win at all. Imagine, all along my opponent knew that I was really something. They knew that I can really win the race that is why they were all threatened by my victory. I was a threat to everyone who was in the race that eventually made the father of the other girl bribe my coach to destroy my vision, my goals. But no matter how they put me down, the truth came out and it was on my side. Success, winning and victory are not about running a race after all. It is more of having a clear conscience that you made it that far because you never cheated, hurt anyone and stepped on other’s shoes for you own gain. I thank my teacher for the words of wisdom she has shared to me during the lowest point in my life. Teachers really do make a difference in this world. They are not just there to teach you academically but they are always there to support you and mould your being for you to become a better individual that every society dreams of having especially in this cruel world right now.

The Twelve Caesars As A Biography About Twelve Roman Empire

Suetonius wrote The Twelve Caesars as a biography about twelve Roman Caesars. This essay will compare and contrast two of them, Divus Julius and Nero. Even though the two men both became Emperors who ruled Rome, they could not have been more different. Both had certain authority and public powers during each of their reigns. Their lives were also scattered with times of virtue and scandal. This was a different time from today. Human behavior and morals played a significant role in those ruling over others. Some had them and some not so much. In the end, their stories will ultimately give the reader an illustration of these two men and what their stories tell us about the lives of Roman emperors in the first century. Gaius Julius Caesar rose through the ranks from Roman general to Emperor. A critical role he played in Roman politics, was his role in the events that were to lead to the downfall of the Roman Republic and the growth of the Roman Empire. He joined with Crassus and Pompey to form a political alliance. This alliance of three would go on to dominate politics in Rome for several years. â€Å"Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus now formed a triple pact, jointly swearing to oppose all public policies in which any of them might disapprove† (Graves and Suetonius 19). The conservative ruling class of the Roman Senate opposed their attempts to accumulate power through the use of populist tactics. To show the power he had militarily, Caesar was able to win popularity with hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Gaius Suetonius TranquitusDe Vita Caesartus1510 Words   |  7 PagesGaius Suetonius Tranquillus, a Roman historian is better known as Suetonius and also for his book ‘The Twelve Caesars’ which essentially changed the way in which history was written. For many, they believe that Suetonius’ ‘De Vita Caesarum established a new framework, an original genre of historical biography unseen before which consequently made a significant contribution to historical scholarship. This review will look in particular at the aspects of Suetonius’ style of writing seen in the firstRead MoreCleopatra, The Last Queen Of Egypt1251 Words   |  6 Pageshave been mischaracterized or mythologized, but none have been as misconstrued as Cleopatra VII, the last queen of Egypt. In Roller’s 2010 publication, Cleopatra: A Biography, he discusses many aspects of Cleo patra’s life, but most importantly her power. This novel is the first to be based solely on primary materials from the Greco-Roman period while Cleopatra was alive. These sources include literature, Egyptian documents, and representations in art and coinage. The author’s stated purpose for writingRead MoreClaudius : The Second Roman Emperor Of The Julio Claudian Dynasty1288 Words   |  6 PagesTiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus, more commonly referred to as Claudius, was appointed as the fourth Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, following the assassination of his nephew and preceding Emperor, Caligula, in 41 A.D. (Wasson, 2011) Despite the initial pessimistic perspective held by prominent Roman figures regarding his performance as Emperor, Claudius proved to be an efficient leader whom increased the autocratic nature of Rome through his Empire expansion campaigns and policiesRead MoreEssay on Nero995 Words   |  4 PagesNero Let Nero be ever before your eyes, swollen with the pride of a long line of Caesars#8230; an Emperor condemned by his own people#8230; Nero will always be regretted (Tacitus: The Principle of Adoption) Throughout the ages, Nero has been viewed as a rogue and a disgrace to the Roman Empire, thanks to unreliable primary sources. Because of this, Nero is now renowned world wide as the man who hated Christians, the man who killed Jesus and the man who wanted nothing but to satisfyRead MoreThe Bad Emperors of Rome Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowers, which is highly valued by the romans. This can be seen through the actions and behaviours throughout their time as they were destructive towards their families and disrespectful towards the people of the city. Alienation of various sectors also caused unpopularity of these men. Undoubtedly, a barrier was created between each emperor and the SPQR which led to their ultimate fate essentially determined by the people of Rome. Tiberius Nero Caesar was the first emperor to rule Rome afterRead MoreAgrippina Influence1557 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluenced her power before her marriage to Claudius. She was born into the Julio-Claudian bloodline making her an Imperial woman of a noble dynasty, she was as a result of her family background reasonably wealthy and educated, she had the backing of the Roman Army as her father Germanicus was the commander of the 5th legion of the army in Germany and finally her two marriages which provided her with wealth and a son to be heir of the throne. The Julio-Claudian dynasty ran strong before and after the birthRead MoreFemale1542 Words   |  7 Pagescom/people/cleopatra-vii-9250984#synopsis According to Egyptian law, Cleopatra was forced to have a consort, who was either a brother or a son, no matter what age, throughout her reign. She was married to her younger brother Ptolemy XIII when he was twelve, however she soon dropped his name from any official documents regardless of the Ptolemaic insistence that the male presence be first among co-rulers. Read more: http://www.touregypt.net/cleopatr.htm#ixzz3szJw1a2F HOW THEY GOT THE POWER TO RULERead MoreThe Emperor Of The Flavian Dynasty2990 Words   |  12 PagesDomitian was a Roman emperor from 81 to 96, and was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty. Domitian s early career was spent in the shadow of his brother Titus. This continued under the rule of his father Vespasian, who became emperor in 69 following the civil war, which is known as the Year of the Four Emperors. While Titus held many offices under the rule of his father, Domitian received honors but no responsibilities. When Vespasian died in 79 he was succeeded by Titus, whose ownRead MoreSalahudin Ayubi / Muhammad Al-Fateh8251 Words   |  34 Pages(March 30, 1432 – May 3, 1481) the Conqueror in Ottoman Turkish, or, in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmet in early modern Europe was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to 1481. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to th e Byzantine Empire, absorbing its administrative apparatus into the Ottoman state. Al-Fateh continued his conquests in Asia, with the Anatolian reunification, and in Europe, as farRead More My Friend Hamilton -Who I shot Essay6642 Words   |  27 Pages as much himself as Burr. In the end he arranged to have Burr kill him.†13 To prove this â€Å"arrangement,† Kennedy boldly stated that the infamous â€Å"Cooper Letter† that enraged Aaron Burr, was in fact false, for Dr. Charles D. Cooper was â€Å"lying† about the â€Å"despicable† opinions that Hamilton had regarding Burr, for â€Å"all such inquiries begin by assuming that Cooper was speaking the truth—that Hamilton had, in fact, said of Burr something new, and worse, than what he had said of him often before

Analysis Of The Poem Ekphrasis - 1293 Words

The term ekphrasis comes from the Greek words for description; ek, meaning out and phrasis, meaning to to tell, to speak and it generally refers to a piece of writing, be it a poem or work of prose, that takes its inspiration from a work of visual art, typically paintings or sculptures, but in some cases, as we ll see, it could involve manmade architecture or structure, household items, or images captured on film. In ekphrasis, it is the writer s intention to create an extension of the work of art in their own writing, in the case of this essay, I ll exam specifically the work of poets whose appreciation for the visual arts has largely influenced their written word and I ll discuss closely how overtime this need to extend†¦show more content†¦What does the painting do, if anything, better than the poem, asks Cheeke? (P)oems about paintings are always partly discovering what that is. (1) This is in a similar vein to what art critic, painter and poet John Berger, speaks of in his text Understanding a Photograph, when the first words that come to mind for a poet begin to unfold across the page. What is happening to the writer when they observe this work of art? What story is being told? What transformation happens on the page; as Berger puts it, When the words add up to sentences and the sentences fill whole pages and the pages tell a story, the displacement becomes a journey and the pages become a vehicle, a means of transport (Berger, Photograph, 117) How, we might ask, does the writer ever get to that point of inspiration in the first place? Gellings 3 The distinction might lie in the differentiation between what Cheeke refers to as the content-oriented approach to ekphrasis and the affect-oriented emphasis on the viewer. The approach of the frequent museum visitor, (or admirer of the arts) asks the question to themselves or those around them; What do you see in the work of art? or What does it mean? which differsShow MoreRelatedPeter Brueghe l s Fall Of Icarus1684 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduction to The Gazer’s Spirit defines ekphrastic poems as â€Å"those which involve descriptions or other sorts of visual representations of works of art† (Hollander, 4). James Heffernan in his essay â€Å"Ekphrasis and Representation,† which presents a more detailed study of the definition of ekphrasis, has a similar but more concise definition of ekphrasis as â€Å"the verbal representation of graphic representation† (Heffernan, 299). Heffernan goes on to say that ekphrasis â€Å"releases the narrative impulse that graphicRead MoreHow and to what purpose does Virgil use ekphrasis in the Aeneid3194 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿How and to what purpose does Virgil use ekphrasis in the Aeneid? Virgil’s use of ekphrasis in the Aeneid has attracted much attention by classical scholars; as such the coverage on this topic is extensive. This essay therefore does not aim to purport all of Virgil’s techniques and aims in regard to describing art in the Aeneid – a subject on which entire books have been written – rather the brevity of this essay necessitates an overview of the predominant theories, whilst attempting to shed lightRead MoreSyntax and Morphological Analysis of the Poem1519 Words   |  7 PagesSyntax and Morphological Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Red Wheelbarrow† by William Carlos Williams Accordingly, the rhetoric idea learnt in writing poetry is found in the work of Williams. Analysts found that the author believes that localism aline may lead to culture. Ideally, the factor of imagism is well designed in The Red Wheelbarrow, giving credit to the poem under discussion. In this paper, the author will analyze various features of this poem, giving phonological, lexical, syntactic, and sematic

Industrial Of The Industrial Revolution - 1666 Words

Jason Thibodeaux Mrs. Martinez English IV, 1st hour 4/29/16 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution set people away from farms and small villages and moved them to cities and towns because of the job opportunities that arose in the cities. The Industrial Revolution not only helped people move along in the late 1700s and early 1800s but also it has made the people what they are today. During the Industrial Revolution, the movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one reshaped the roles of families, widen the gap between classes, and led to the developments in communication, transportation, and other scientific fields that completely changed humanity. The Industrial Revolution started in the late 1700s and early 1800s which helped the transition from agrarian to one of industrial. Before the factories were made, the common folk would work on the farms that would make the food that they would need to survive, and they would also make their own clothes. All the clothes and materials that the people had before the industrial revolution they would make themselves because there was no mass production of items being made and the people who would sell the items never had enough in their inventory for everyone to buy. Factories started to arise making it easier to mass produce items that the people wanted, like cloths and eventually everyday materials. Those factories and opportunities for work is why people moved into cities.( History.com) With familiesShow MoreRelatedThe Contributions Of The Industrial Revolution And The Industrial Revolution1422 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing important moments like the suffrage movement to occur and have leverage. During the Industrial Revolution, production became more important than people as factory owners and businessmen rushed to create more and more product. An Enlightened thinker, Karl Marx, would argue that the Industrial Revolution, minimized the importance of people and alienated them from those around them. Although great industrial and technological advances occurred in London, people were exploited and abused, leadingRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1573 Words   |  7 Pages Was the Industrial Revolution a Blessing or a Curse? The Industrial Revolution was a period of technological improvement that took place in Britain from about 1750 into the 1900’s. To many, the Industrial Revolution was the gateway into modern-day factories and machinery. The Industrial Revolution was spurred by the competition of Britain against India or China. India and China were both very productive in the production of goods, meaning the people of Britain had to buy the cheap products importedRead MoreIndustrial Revolution And The Industrial Age984 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution affected all aspects of American life, and it provoked more changes than just those in the factories. How one experienced the Industrial Revolution depended on where one lived. By 1900, more than a third of America’s people lived in cities, and city populations were growing twice as fast as the population as a whole. Between 1870 and 1920, the number of Americans living in cities increased fivefold, from 10 million to 54 mil lion. Most of the massive industries of the IndustrialRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1094 Words   |  5 Pages The Industrial Revolution began in England during the 1700s and spread across Europe then North America, and eventually the world. This revolution assisted life but also made life more difficult as well. Gender roles were changed, products were made more efficiently and many jobs were created. This also meant that people lived in cramped houses, air pollution levels were high and people died of or suffered illnesses from working in factories. This essay will be discussing whether the IndustrialRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was one of the largest social and cultural movements that changed the methods of manufacturing of metal and textiles, the transportation system, economic policies and social structure as well. Before the Industrial Revolution, people used to live by season due to agriculture. They thrived on whatever food was in season. Now, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, we live regimented and almost everyth ing that is made, is mass produced. I will discuss three major topicsRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, a Revolution that began in Britain in the nineteenth century, saw people move from working in the farming industry to working in factories. This transition from an agrarian society meant that many people moved to cities in search of jobs. New methods of manufacturing allowed goods to be produced far more cheaply and quickly than before. However, the Revolution came with its own negative consequences. The lives of children during the Industrial Revolution were torturousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution705 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and facto ries that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be â€Å"a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed†(Jones 2013). SecondlyRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1097 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the advent of the Industrial Revolution, most people resided in small, rural communities where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Most manufacturing was done in homes or small, rural shops, using hand tools or simple machines. Did You Know? 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The first and second industrialization were filled with many inventions, new societal ideas, new raw materials, new sources of power, also new ideas and societal implements were made enabling the world and society to evolve. Overall these industrialization was filled with death, neglect, and disease but ended

Conflict Management Intergroup Conflicts and Intra-Group Conflicts

Question: Discuss about theConflict Management: Intergroup Conflicts and Intra-Group Conflicts. Answer: Introduction According to Rahim (2011), conflict management is an essential aspect of an organisation and involves increasing the positive aspects of a conflict while limiting the negative aspects of a conflict. The objective of conflict management is to promote learning as well as the group outcomes including performance and effectiveness in businesses. Properly managed conflicts improve group outcomes and act as a source of organisation competitive advantage. In organisations, there are three main types of conflicts which include personal conflicts, intergroup conflicts and intra-group conflicts (Ivancevich, Matteson Konopaske, 2006). This paper will illustrate the impacts of intra-group and inter-group conflicts and evaluate the different styles of conflict management approaches and recommend the style that perfectly applies to the case in hand. Discussion According to Rahim (2011), organisation conflict is a disagreement between groups or individuals within the organisation. These conflicts are influenced by various factors such as resource allocation, the overall direction of the organisation, division of responsibilities, and struggle for power among other factors. Thomas (2007) argues that in organisations, conflicts are seemingly unavoidable and it is necessary for the management to recognise the source of conflict, evaluate its destructive potential as well as its constructive potential, learn how to manage the conflict and implement appropriate conflict resolution strategies. Eunson (2007) claims conflicts have both positive and negative impacts. Positive impacts of conflicts include; acceleration of positive change, increase productivity and spurring creativity while negative impacts include unhealthy competition and decreased productivity. Group conflicts can be sub-dived into two sub-categories; intra-group conflict and inter-group conflicts. Intra-Group Conflict According to Eunson (2007), Intra-group conflicts refer to internal wrangles that exist within a group or a team. Minimal intra-group conflicts are healthy for the organisation but if unchecked could be detrimental. For example, an honest conflict between the group members on available alternatives could improve decision making, but misconceptions could generate negative feeling among the group members thus degrading productivity. In the argument of Wall and Callister (2005) intra-group conflicts in organisations are caused by scarcity of resources, position and power among other factors. Wall and Callister (2005) further argues that intra-group have positive impacts such as improved decision making, increased productivity, reduction in resources wastage, innovation, goal congruence, increased motivation and improved performance. However, it is important to ensure proper management of group conflicts within the organisation. Failure to effectively manage conflicts could have negative impacts on the organisation like wastage of resources and time, sub-optimization, reduced productivity and reduced performance due to stress Therefore, Intra-group conflicts should be encouraged to improve the performance and productivity of the group. As such, managers should encourage and create an atmosphere that promotes healthy intra-group conflicts. Inter-Group Conflicts Inter-group conflicts refer to the confrontations or disagreement between two teams or groups within an organisation (Collins O'Rourke, 2009). According to Collins and O'Rourke (2009), intra-group conflicts usually occur in two forms; horizontal strain and vertical strain. Horizontal strain involves conflicts between functions, for example, purchasing versus legal, production versus sales and engineering versus research and development. On the other hand, vertical strain involves conflicts between hierarchical levels in an organisation, for example, middle management versus supervisors and management versus union. These conflicts are caused by factors like incompatible goals and objectives, diversity, poor communication and unequal reward structure. These conflicts should be discouraged because they negatively affect performance and productivity. Conflict Management Approaches According to Wall and Callister (2005) it is essential to understand the impacts of conflicts within the organisation and to adequately manage conflicts with negative end up. According to Burton (2010), the following are the major conflict management approaches; First, Avoiding- it involves avoiding the confronting problem or communicating about the problem with the hope that the problem cedes. Second, accommodating- this approach emphasises on cooperation rather than assertiveness, it often occurs when the other party does not consider the alternative option as a major threat. Third, collaborating- it involves conflicting parties working together to resolve the conflict, and both parties have a win-win attitude. Four, confrontation- it involves a party placing their desires above those of all other parties involved in the conflict. However, if not properly handled, it could evolve into a more hostile situation. Five, compromise- it largely involves bargaining as a means of resolving conflicts. Parties to the conflict indentify some of their interests that they would be willing to compromise on to bring about a resolution. Compromise result in interim solutions in a situation where full resolution can not be achieved immediately. In this case, the conflict is between members of the management team. Collaborating would be the perfect conflict management approach because it would create an opportunity for the members of the management team working together to resolve issues and all the parties would end-up being winners. Collaborating is the best resolution approach because it provides a lasting solution because all the parties to the conflict are satisfied with the outcome. Conclusion In organisations, conflicts will always be present. Organisation conflicts could have both positive as well as negative impacts. It is the duty of the management to evaluate the conflicts and understand their impacts and implement appropriate strategies to address conflicts which could negatively impact on the organisation. Though there are various conflict management approaches, collaborating is one of the best conflict resolution style because it ensures a win-win situation for all parties and often results in a long-term solution. References Burton, J. W. (2010). Conflict: Resolution and provention (Vol. 2010). Macmillan. Collins, S. D., O'Rourke, J. S. (2009). Managing conflict and workplace relationships. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Eunson, B. (2007). Conflict management. Milton, Australia: John Wiley Sons. Ivancevich, J. M., Matteson, M. T., Konopaske, R. (2006). Organizational behavior and management. Bpi/Irwin. Rahim, M. A. (2011). Managing conflict in organizations. New Brunswick [NJ: Transaction Thomas, K. W. (2007). Conflict and conflict management: Reflections and update. Journal of organizational behavior, 13(3), 265-274. Wall, J. A., Callister, R. R. (2005). Conflict and its management. Journal of management, 21(3), 515-558.

The Divine Comedy Dante Essay Example For Students

The Divine Comedy: Dante Essay The Divine Comedy: DanteThe character of Dante in The Divine Comedy who descended into theinferno caused me to stop and think about this awful place. As the reader I gotto take an imaginary journey with Dante to a horrible place where I do not careabout going. While Dante descended into hell I plan on ascending into heavensomeday. Dante had a choice to make whether or not to get back on the rightpath. It came down to heaven or hell choose. I think it was willed for Dante to see this place while he was stillliving. By seeing hell while he was alive Dante could be sure and make theright choices to find his way back to the straight path. Being on the rightpath in his lifetime would ensure he would not spend eternity in such amiserable place. I believe the whole purpose of this journey into hell was tolet Dante see the anguish there and choose. Perhaps this was a divine warning. We will write a custom essay on The Divine Comedy: Dante specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Canto 2, Beatrice, the symbol of Divine Love, an angelic spirit was sent tohelp aid Dante from his error and help him return back. This is purely loveand compassion at its best. Sending someone into hell to rescue another personout of there. Great lengths were taken to help Dante return back to thestraight way. I do not believe such action was taken if Dante was to end up inhell all along. For some reason midway in Dantes lifes journey he had gone astray andat this point was searching for answers. I guess hell was as good a place tostart the search as any place. Something for sure had led him astray and Dantewas going to find out what it was. Strange as it may seem Dante did find theanswers he was looking for in hell. Dante had entered into an awful place full of darkness and evil. Dantedid not realize to return back would not be easy, the Leopard stood blocking himevery turn to keep him from getting back. As a Christian I could relate to this. I am often so busy (blocked) with life that I forget about the important thingsas a Christian I should be doing, like reading the Bible and praying. I makeplans that tomorrow I will pray or read the Bible but something tries to blockme from doing so. Dante probably never imagined getting off the right path would result ina visit to such a horrible place. There was weeping, cursing, and fearsurrounded the place. Frightened, Dante continued on, but the souls moaningand crying out for help never stopped. There was no help in this terribleplace and certainly no hope. I think right about at that point Dante had aconscious check. He was probably willing at that point to do just aboutanything to get out of the inferno. I know I would have done anything to getout of there and fast. Hell probably made Dante fear judgment and to make thechoice to avoid going there at all cost. There was a couple aspects that I liked and related to in this piece. Dante had a vivid imagination. He was very detailed with his vision of hell. I really liked that. What I related most to was like Dante if I go astray Ican get back, there is hope. The whole scenario made me stop and think about mychoices. I have a free will just like Dante to choose.